How to Achieve Sales Target

How To Achieve Sales Targets Sales personnel often ask themselves how to achieve sales targets? Prospects are more savvy now when buying products and there is a wider choice of products in the market place. What can sales people do to achieve these targets? 1. Selling Is About The Value The Customer Gets Many sales people study very well the features and functions of the products and services that they sell. What is more important is to understand what value the product or service brings to the person who buys it. For a given product, different people buy it for their own unique reasons.It is therefore necessary to know what are the kinds of needs that the product or service serves. You can then find out the needs of the prospect first and then only present your product or service in the light of their requirements. This approach will not only help you close the sale with the prospect that you are dealing with. It will help to increase referral sales that you can get. 2. Serve Before Selling Sales people can be so focused on selling that they may not realize that this approach is normally seen as very aggressive by the prospect.To understand the prospect needs and to serve the prospect with no expectation of selling is actually proving to be a much more effective way of selling. Once you know the prospect needs, be generous about tips on how the person can meet their needs. One of the options, of course, is to use the product or service that you are selling. This approach is subtle and non-threatening. Even if the prospect did not buy, the chances that they will refer you to someone else is high. In addition, they may later decide to buy your product. So, do remember to give your contact details even if you do not make a sale. 3. Strategize And Follow Your StrategyWhen you are faced with a question of how to achieve sales targets, the first step must be to strategize. Without a strategy, you will be aimlessly going through actions not really knowing if you can achieve your target. Then, of course, follow your strategy. In following your strategy, monitor the results to check if your strategy is working the way you intended it to. If it does not, then it is time to evaluate and make adjustments based on your findings. This simply means that you have mini-targets and dates against which you track your progress. While strategies are high level, they are still not cast in concrete.It will be pointless pursuing a strategy that you realize is not making headway. 4. Develop A Plan Based On Your Strategy It is important that a strategy is converted into a working plan with dates and expected results or deliverables at each of these dates. In the event that other people are involved, clearly state who is accountable for each of these actions. Identifying results or deliverables is important as these will indicate if the actions have been successfully completed. Use these results and deliverables as a basis to make any adjustments to your action pl an or even to the strategy if required. . Enjoy The Journey Make sure that the whole process of achieving sales targets is an enjoyable journey for you. If you find that it is not, you may want to find ways of creating some fun along the way. There are people who use fun stationery when planning and tracking their work. Even strategizing can be fun when using colors and pictures. Mind maps are a great way to get your creative juices flowing. Another way will be to reward yourself not just at the end of achieving your objectives, but also at milestone achievements. These do not have to burn a hole in your pocket.While you could take a holiday at the end of the project, at milestone achievements, you might want to reward yourself with watching a movie or buying that new pair of shoes. It could even be as simple as having that ice cream only when you achieve the milestone. Steps on strategizing, planning, tracking and rewarding are common thoughts on how to be successful at sales. Add to this the concepts of serving before selling and the value you bring to the customer, and you will have a winning strategy on how to achieve your sales targets.

A Human Resource Manager Dealings

Human resources management deals with the theories, concepts, and practices that enable organizations to attract and retain employees. Human resource managers are responsible for designing effective compensation systems. They must be aware of the most recent laws and regulations governing what managers can and cannot do, and they must apply nondiscriminatory recruiting, selection, promotion, and pay standards. New and important developments in advanced industrial societies have created additional challenges in human resource management, resulting in increased opportunities in such areas as ersonnel management, labor relations, labor and employment law, and compensation and employee benefits. Another of the business fields most important areas is finance. Finance is the study of how individuals and organizations make decisions about short-term and long-term investments and how these investments are financed. This major teaches theoretical and practical aspects of financial management. The general aspect is to explain how financial techniques can solve some of societies most important problems. Human resource management and finance our main aspects in the educational field of business, hat cannot be disregarded in a business society. I chose the profession of a human resource manager so I could basically have control in what I do in the business type atmosphere. This profession has many different departments in a business and the managers of those departments have a lot of control in how they run their departments. These departments consist of employee relations, organizational development, compensation, benefits, labor relations, and functions management also known as a generalist. All the managers of these departments in a corporation are very well paid. I become more anxious to start working in this business field as I keep learning Money has played a major role in my decision to choose this profession. The salaries all depend upon the company. For example in the division of organizational development the starting salary is 52,000 dollars out of college. After three years it is 82,000 dollars. Four more years it is more than 120,000 dollars. This was a major influence in the decision of making human resource management a career choice. In the career of business no matter what your major is the concept or center that the business world revolves around is he act of dealing with money. After careful studying of these career paths and choices I have come to the conclusion that money makes all the difference in the world. At the salary rate and employee benefits of the profession makes this job one that can last a full Although it requires a lot of hard work the profession of being a human resource manager is one that leaves great financial standing to support a family and good retirement funds. The idea of having money is not all about having it for yourself. Many people who criticize others for looking for a career with good financial standing assume that person ants money for themselves. Many people use money as an influence for choosing their careers are thinking about their future which hopes to consist of a family. This is my motive, I want my family, just like everyone else to live life better than I did so I can show that hard work pays off. Selfishness has nothing to do with anything, the future has everything to do with it. I really want this career to lasts for me as long as it can. The more financial support that I have as a result of being in this field is for the better to I really felt no pressure in choosing this career, I made this choice on my own and I hoose to stick with it. I did not feel any pressure to attend college I knew I had to go to college mainly because of influence of the society I grew up in. My parents are both equally successful in the way that they are both bosses in their career. This is what I use as my motivation in order to succeed just like both of them. It actually makes me push harder because of the fact that they had to deal with life a lot worse than I had to. I might feel pressure to succeed but never did I knew from the beginning, as soon as I was able to talk, The negative aspect in being a human resource manager is the worst feeling in any profession. The act of telling someone that has a wife and children that they are not needed not because of their work performance but because of the cutbacks of major corporations and businesses is something that hurts your conscience. This is something that does not only effect the employee but it effects the employer. I am going to work to change this aspect in the job. My philosophy on this subject is going to be no termination of a job unless it is absolutely necessary. My goal as long as I am in this profession is not to fire a single worker. I feel when people are secure of their jobs they work faster, work harder, and work better. Even though this might be far fetched I will try to complete this goal for as long as I can. Even though this is not something that I look forward to doing, I know it is something that comes with the territory. I chose this career path based on the business class I took in high school. We went through one chapter based on this profession. This is the only chapter in the business book that I actually ended up reading. This is the point when I knew what I was going to do in my life. This decision effected many aspects of my high school life. For example, this decision helped me choose what colleges I wanted to go to. f the school did not have uman resource management in a list with all of their business degrees than I did not even seem interested to the slightest degree. After careful research in salary and job potential along with benefits I knew that I was going to choose this career based on one business class my junior year in high school. The profession of a human resource manager has many divisions. The top executive and managerial positions have to be occupied with someone with a college degree. However there are positions that go under specialist divisions that get paid good money to do minor human resource jobs such as being in payroll or other small departments. There are a lot of specific aspects that are all gone over in college courses. For example, if you work for a company based on finance you need to know all the principles of that subject that is learned in a business college course. This is not something you learn unless you spend many years on the same aspect. In an interview with Mike Sauter, a human resource manager for Duracell in Indianapolis, there was one main subject of the interview centered in one question. What are the physical, mental, and emotional stability†s it takes to Brandon: What made you choose the business field as your major? Mike: In college it was the first thing that caught my attention out of all the majors that my school provided, it was the field that I was positive I could do. Brandon: Did anyone influence you to choose this field? Mike: No, I kind of just decided on my own my freshman year. Brandon: Where did you go to college? Mike: I attended the university of Indiana (Bloomington). Brandon: Did you know the percentages of those who graduated in this field? Mike: I think around 85 percent of the class graduated out of the school of business. Brandon: Did the remaining 15 percent drop out or fail in this field? Mike: I am not sure but I would guess that the majority of those who did not get a degree Brandon: What do you think is the biggest challenge one faces going into this field? Mike: Probably the biggest challenge one faces is trying to be the best in your field. If you are the best then you have the concentration and motivation to succeed. Many people think the biggest challenge is getting hired, but if you are the best then the jobs basically Brandon: What sacrifices does one have to make in order to succeed in this field? Mike: There are so many but, the most influential are the social sacrifices one has to make. You cannot go to every party, you sometimes have to even miss physical workouts, also if your in a relationship you have to separate and sacrifice time or it†s not going to Brandon: What are the best options for those with double majors? Mike: Well, the advantage to having a double major is there are double your chances of having better job opportunities and offers. The disadvantage is all the work. Brandon: If you could change majors, would you choose another field? Mike: Not a chance, I just feel like I know this field to well. Brandon: What do you think is the biggest aspect one needs to know going into this Mike: The biggest aspect is just simply knowing what you want to do and know that you Brandon: What benefits come out of the field of business? Mike: It all depends on the company. Benefits can have many different ranges such as dental plans up to medical benefits. My job is to decide what would best help the Brandon: What are the ranges of salaries for a human resource manager? Mike: The range of salaries depends on how many employees you have. If you have thousands of employees, than you could make up to 90 to 120 thousand dollars a year. Brandon: What are the ranges of salaries for a person in finance? Mike: I am not to sure about someone in finance but, I would guess that their salaries could range up in the high thousands. Brandon: Where did you spend your internship? Mike: I actually spent my internship at Walmart, doing stuff like payroll and attendance, Brandon: What are the starting salaries like for a human resource manager? Mike: It all depends on the type of position you are in. You could be just coming out of college and finishing your internship and still have over a thousand employees under you. Brandon: Are you satisfied with your salary? Mike: I am very satisfied, I feel that all my hard work paid off and deserving. Brandon: Why did you choose to become a human resource manager? Mike: When I was looking through the tasks in business I felt like I knew this area already, and it was so familiar that I knew I could succeed. Brandon: How much time of your job do you spend yearly? Mike: I spend over 11 months. This is a profession that requires daily attendance, and I must be the person who sets good examples for the other workers. Brandon: Is this a job that requires a lot of overtime work? Mike: It doesn†t require a lot but, on any given day you can work about one or two hours Brandon: What is the biggest task for a human resource manager? Mike: The hardest thing in this field is after getting to know and trust an employee, telling that same person that they are no longer needed in this business. After that you realize that these people have families to feed also but, there is nothing more you can do. It is the hardest thing I ever had to do but, it is the path I chose. Brandon: What are the physical, mental, and emotional stability†s does it take to Mike: The physical part is to be able to get up every morning and expect something different every time you put a suit on to go to work, and being able to handle it. The ental part is believing in your self enough to know that you can be the best, and make a difference in the work place. The emotional part is trusting the people you work with and hoping that we as a team can help each other succeed. I have a very positive opinion of college it seems to be everything I expected. I am taking time to get use to Indiana but I am still having fun while doing it. The time I spend at Ball State University has all been worth it and I do not really plan on leaving to transfer to another school anytime soon. Being at a university like this one is everything I expected since I first visited almost nothing has changed. I knew I was going to choose this school as one of my top choices when I saw it had my major. I made my final decision when I came to visit. The main challenge that faces me now is getting through all the hard courses, and pressures that come with graduating from college. Other these obstacles I think I should be better than fine. Whatever is ahead of me, whatever size problem it seems to be, I know I will be ready for it. Before I get through with a degree in human resource management I need to get use to and practice with this career. I will be working at the Washington Wizards arena the MCI Center. This should be an excellent experience for me mainly because I can decide whether or not I want to be doing this for the rest of my life. This is great timing because I can change career paths if I do not like this type of career. I will be working under someone whose position I will hopefully be in after I graduate college. I will be doing work that employees that do not have a college degree such as handling payroll for example. The main difference between training for a career and pursuing an education is being well skilled in either one subject or in all subjects of a profession. The act of being trained or a job and not going to college has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are that you get money faster and you do not have to waste time and money on a college education when you can be working the next day. The disadvantages are that without a college education your job can be replaced easier with someone who was taught the same job but more thoroughly, and with a college education it is easier to get a job with a higher â€Å"Under the general direction of the CEO and COO, this position creates and implements Human Resources programs including, but not limited to, recruitment, employee evelopment, compensation and benefits, management development, employee training and employee relations (www. hrm. org).† After the interview Mr. Sauter wished me luck and surely let me know what was ahead and the problems I had to deal with. I realized that being a human resource manager is hard work mentally, physically, and emotionally. However, I also realized that facing problems and obstacles is what life is all about and I am going to have to handle it at one time or another. I also realized that for me it is now do or die and I must confront all challenges to the best of my ability.

Human Sexuality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Sexuality - Research Paper Example Educating students primarily lead to self development. At an extensive level it results in social welfare (Williams, 1968, p.51). On such grounds of immense scope, the topic of Sex Education has been chosen. Many preconceptions are responsible for a generally negative attitude towards sex education in schools. One such preconception advocates that sex education at an early stage increases the curiosity of young students thereby leading to an early sexual experimentation. Contrary to this misconception, a research on sex education reveals that educating students about human sexuality and their moral implications discourages instances of premature practices (Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2000, p.4). The concept of educating pupils about sex at school pertains to two major reasons. Firstly, learning at an early level is more profound (Wetzstein, 2007, p. A07). Secondly, inculcating among their peers establishes a collaborative understanding of the concepts. Often misperceived as a way of ameliorating their physical lives only, sex education also develops the children emotionally and morally (Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2000, p.3). Owing to the effectiveness of sex education, its practice in schools has increased at a fast pace over the last few decades. According to the studies of Oettinger, from 1979 to 1994 the percentage of sex educated students augmented from 47 to 90 percent (Sabia, 2006, p.783) thereby implying the success of the program. ‘LSBE refers to an interactive process of teaching and learning which enables learners to acquire knowledge and to develop attitudes and skills which support the adoption of healthy behaviours’ (UNICEF).

Implementing the Responsibility to Protect Essay - 1

Implementing the Responsibility to Protect - Essay Example The paper tells that in the UN summit, all the governments and Heads of States saw the need for each state to protect the citizens from genocide, ethnic cleansing, crimes against humanity and war crimes. Indeed, the assurance of sovereignty protects the small states from the dictatorial rule that the dominant states would exercise on them. Essentially, the sovereign country should have inbuilt mechanisms of fighting crimes, however, it may seek international assistance where the threat is significant and worries the state security. The implication is that each state has to build a strong and reliable coordination with other countries, whose help becomes essential during a war. Therefore, one can argue strongly that sovereignty should not bar the state from forging the strong relationship with the other countries. In addition, inappropriate use of sovereignty would mean protecting the self-interest at the expense of the citizens. Some of the key catalysts to sovereignty include the po litical will, need for international integration and ethnic co-existence. Fundamentally, the leadership will and peaceful co-existence ensure that the sovereign state remains peaceful and coherent. In addition, it would enable the state to build a proper relationship with other states, thereby, being in a position of getting international assistance during the emergency. Furthermore, this would enhance international integration among different countries. Legally, the states are obliged to use sovereignty for the interest of the people, safeguard them and ensure that they free to live and interact in the country. The protection is legal and spelled out in the constitution, thereby, being credible and legitimate. In the contemporary society, Jackson acknowledges that there are State powers that do not use their sovereignty for the good of the people. For example, some developing states literally misuse sovereignty to achieve personal or ethnic gains, with disregards to the public. Ind eed, the theory of the balance of power explains the misuse of state sovereignty resulting from the differences in power factions within the country.

Film Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Film Review - Essay Example lly based on the Hebrew book ‘Exodus’ which narrates the complete account of how an adopted Egyptian prince, Moses, who was Hebrew by birth, rescued the enslaved Jews from the clutches of a cruel ruler, Pharaoh. The movie was given a very realistic feel with its on location filming and very strong and appropriate cast, by the director De Mille. But it should be taken in consideration that the movie was told with its very intriguing storyline both to educate, in a religious manner, and to entertain, in a people friendly and aesthetic fashion too. There are some basic flaws or probably involuntary mistakes in the story line, for example it is shown in the movie that the infant Moses was rescued from the basket by Pharaoh’s sister, in fact, in biblical text, he was rescued by Pharaoh’s daughter and she knew it at that time too that he was a Hebrew. (Exodus; 2: 5-7). De Mille’s version of the Biblical story of Moses, is a class act, he has given it his own flavour where he deliberately emphasized on some of the aspects of this story right from the Exodus version. Like he portrays how the divine being of God engulfs Moses, how God speaks to Moses and a burning fire surround Moses which will not burn him, which in reality could easily overwhelm and tarnish a person in seconds. De Mille’s such metaphors are very clearly seen all through the movie, which shows the true heart of the film as biblical in nature. This Divine radiance of God which inhibits Moses is illustrated many times in the movie, which is seems to be the foundation of De Mille’s belief in the story. In contrast to above, a lot of biblical facts are altered just for the viewer’s better understanding and attraction, for example, there is a point in the original story where Moses killed an Egyptian for brutally beating a Hebrew slave, but in the movie that Egyptian was replaced by Pharaoh’s cruel master builder. It is understandable that such changes are made just to hook the audience and

The Christian Tradition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Christian Tradition - Essay Example The moral issue regarding homosexuality is clear. Actually gays and lesbians are immoral people and do immoral acts, at least according to the Bible. Homosexuality violates many Christian principles. However, homosexuals should be loved and accepted even though we cannot accept their homosexuality. The issue regarding homosexuality is actually based on whether it is an individual’s choice or not. If it is an individual’s choice, then homosexuality is evil and the homosexual who practices it deserves to be criticized. However, if there is a reason that homosexuality is not an individual’s choice like it is genetic, then it means that homosexuality is not such a bad thing after all because it is beyond human control. According to a study by Allen and Gorski of the University of California in 1992, â€Å"The midsagittal plane of the anterior commissure in homosexual men was 18% larger than in heterosexual women and 34% larger than in homosexual men† (Allen & Gorski). This means that a part of the brains of homosexual men are actually larger than the brains of heterosexual men. A group of Swedish scientists from the Karolinska Institute also had the same findings. According to the researchers, the brains of gay men have the same sizes as the brains of heterosexual women (Park). ... and should help solve the discrimination and hatred that homosexuals experience, especially that homosexual hate groups are usually based at the church. Therefore, the Church must begin the campaign to help homosexuals, and the Church should also remain open-minded at all times. After all, Jesus said, â€Å"Love your neighbor as yourself,† he particularly did not say, â€Å"Love your neighbor s as yourself† except if he is gay (Mt. 22:39, New International Version). Therefore, in following the footsteps of Christ, a Christian should therefore be the first to understand the grieving homosexual, because Christian love is supposed to be universal. However, even though some scientists and experiments say that homosexuality has a genetic basis and that it is not the homosexual’s fault to be homosexual, the Church maintains its opinion against homosexuality. According to the Book of Leviticus in the Bible, which says, â€Å"You must not have sexual intercourse with a male as one has sexual intercourse with a woman; it is a detestable act† (Lev. 18:22). God is advising a Jewish man here and so God does not agree that it is all right for a man to have sex with another man. The Book of Leviticus is the book of Law of Moses, and therefore it should be obeyed and followed. Homosexuality violates other passages of the Bible. In the Book of Genesis, the men of Sodom want to have sex with the male angels who accompany Lot. They ask him, â€Å"Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so that we can have sex with them?† (Gen. 19:5). Then, later on, God destroys Sodom and Gomorrah. Thus, we assume that God destroys these cities because of their many moral violations including homosexuality. Another violation of homosexuality is against Romans 1:26-27: â€Å"Even

Achieving Service Excellence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Achieving Service Excellence - Essay Example Meeting these demands effectively requires us to be well equipped, not only with a trained work force but also with all sorts of medical products. Right from the inventory of medicines to the fleet of ambulances, each and every product that is utilized in our services are properly monitored and well managed.Keeping in lieu with the information technology, our management has implemented an online capacity utilization plan which keeps an updated record of all inventory, technological equipments, medicines, beds available, kitchen stock etc. The system is so designed that when ever quantity of any thing increases or decreases below the essential required level a warning email is generated and send to the concerned departments. This has been done to make sure that nothing obsolete is kept in the stocks. This system not only assists us in maintaining a streamlined control on our inventory but also helps us to evaluate and quantify the costs, benefits, risk factors etc. beforehand.

Building a Coffee Shop Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Building a Coffee Shop - Research Paper Example I have decided to add innovation in the customer services section by building an isolated area in my Coffee Shop where the customers could not only relax but also study as I would be making study material including newspapers and magazines available for them. In this way, the customers would not only enjoy the coffee of my shop, but will also be impressed by the services; thereby exhibiting the high value, which the shop places in them. In today’s world, Marketing is one of the most important determinants for a business’ success. For my Coffee Shop, I would be developing a small but skilful team which would market and advertise my shop extensively at all platforms. Marketing would not only be done through conventional methods such as pamphlets, brochures and newspapers, but modern day techniques such as Internet advertising would also be employed. Today, social networking websites have become a significant part of the society’s life; and my marketing plan intends to utilize this factor by publicizing my shop through it. In order to gain an edge over the competitors, my team would attempt to reach as many people as possible by personally visiting the houses in the town and informing people about the new Coffee Shop. As far as the area of Human Resources is concerned, my policy for Human Resources is a very broad one, which completely adheres to the federal and state laws pertaining to employment. Though, I would refrain from hiring people of less than eighteen years of age at my shop, however, if ever the need arises, I would ensure that while employing students and teenagers, there is compliance with the child labour regulations and ordinances. Furthermore, to compete with the other Coffee Shops, my shop would not only hire a diverse workforce on the basis of caste, colour, creed and race; but diversity will also be enforced by hiring people with disabilities, thereby, enhancing the reputation of my shop in the social circles. At the same t ime, such measures would also qualify my shop for tax credits. Technology would be utilized by my Coffee Shop to a great extent by making use of computers for maintaining records and conducting other important activities related to the shop. Moreover, in order to remain competitive in the market, I would be providing my customers with the latest Wi-Fi technology in the shop through which they could access internet. It would also give a stylish look to my business, in that way, attracting customers and challenging competitors. Therefore, my strategy is quite comprehensive with the rationale to make my Coffee Shop a successful one which would give tough competition to all the other Coffee Shops in the town ("SBA," n.d.). I aim to open my own Coffee Shop instead of buying an existing one as I have always admired the concept of entrepreneurship and wanted to be a successful entrepreneur. Establishing my own Coffee Shop would provide me with an opportunity to fulfil my dreams and develop my shop according to my own will. Consequently, this would enable me to bring in my own innovations while constructing the shop; such as designing the interior, seating arrangements, isolated studying area, reception centre and other activities related to the overall structure of the shop. Moreove

Monarch Butterfly Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Monarch Butterfly - Research Paper Example Butterflies and moths belong to the order, Lepidoptera (Capinera, 628). The special characteristics of this order are the presence of a â€Å"complete, holometabolous life cycle, with separate egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages† (Capinera, 631). And this is why butterflies are classified under this order. A Monarch butterfly has also a similar wing span which comes to â€Å"3.5 to 4 inches† (Garber, 76). Another common feature of the members of Lepidoptera order is that all of them have â€Å"four wings and also scales covering at leats some body parts (Capinera, 631). In Monarch butterflies, the scales are seen â€Å"as a patch near the central veins of the hindwings† (Capinera, 631). There are two subspecies in Monarch butterfly (Oberhauser and Solensky, 1). The species, Danaus plexippus plexippus, is found in â€Å"Southern Canada, the USA, Mexico, most Caribbean Islands, Central America and northern South America† (Oberhauser and Solensky, 1). The sec ond subspecies, Danaus plexippus erippus is seen in â€Å"Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Eastern Brazil† (Oberhauser and Solensky, 1). Monarch butterflies are cold-blooded insects (Learner.org). So they are comfortable in cool climates as in such an atmosphere, they do not need to spend much energy (Learner.org). It can be seen that â€Å"the body of the caterpillar will be covered with nine brown rings aside from black head and it features three pairs of ‘true’ legs with claws attached and five pairs of prolegs that extend backwards† (Monarch-Butterfly.com). To differentiate a female monarch butterfly from a male, one has to look for a simple identification mark -â€Å"the male monarchs have a black spot on each of the hind wings over a vein. The female monarch butterfly does not have this spot† (Monarch-Butterfly.com). In one year, four generations of monarch butterflies complete their life cycle (Monarch-Butterfly.com). Th e life cycle of a monarch butterfly on the other hand includes four stages, namely, the egg, the larvae, the pupa and the butterfly (Monarch-Butterfly.com). The annual life cycle of this majestic insect can be considered to begin in the months of February and March when they mate (Monarch-Butterfly.com). After mating, the butterflies migrate to the Northern and Eastern parts of North America and lay their eggs there in the months of March and April (Monarch-Butterfly.com). It is on the milkweed plant that the Monarch butterflies lay their white eggs (Monarch-Butterfly.com). The eggs will be seen on the undersides of milkweed leaves, usually near the top of the plant. Each female butterfly lay â€Å"several hundred eggs† and the eggs hatch in four days (Monarch-Butterfly.com). There are many invertebrate predators that feed on Monarch eggs and larvae like, red velvet spider mite (Oberhauser and Solensky, 6). The caterpillar is herbivore and feeds only on milkweed leaves for tw o weeks and then attach to a small stem or a leaf of the plant and starts metamorphosing into the pupa stage (Monarch-Butterfly.com). Because of the insistence of the caterpillars on eating only the milkweeds, Monarch butterflies gained another name, the â€Å"milkweed butterfly† (Monarch-Butterfly.com). The caterpillars are only â€Å"about 0.1 inches long† weighing 0.55 grams (Monarch-Butterfly.com). Caterpillars have alternating bands of yellow, white, and black, on their body with a black stripe between pairs of

To Veil of Not To Veil Essay Example for Free

To Veil of Not To Veil Essay Those of people that are brought up in typical western culture believe that Muslim women who wear the job symbolize the continued oppression of women in the Middle East. In â€Å"To Veil or Not To Veil† Jen’nan Ghazal and John P. Bartkowski perform a case study of different forms of identity among Muslim women in Austin Texas. This experiment delves into Muslim culture and tries to analyze both sides of the argument a primarily factual essay. The article carefully analyses both sides of the issue in an attempt to better understand what the head coverings mean for these women, and how their gender roles compare as muslim women. It appears that some people of the west fail to do before making assumptions about Middle Eastern oppression of women, many stop to ask a Muslim woman what she thinks about wearing a veil. In their case study Ghazel and Bartkowski talked to twelve veiled women and twelve unveiled women in Austin, Texas and asked them questions surrounding the controversy of the hijab. Islamic women’s motivations for veiling seem to vary dramatically. The range can be broad as expressing their strongly held conviction, to critique western culture, for strictly religious purposes, and to be viewed not just as women, but as intellectual equals. Some of verses in the Qur’an and Hadiths (Islam’s holy texts) say that women must wear to hijab to not tempt men and that to be a good Muslim woman she must conceal her body. This belief makes women overall much more modest and submissive. The Islamic religion according to the article is very much a patriarchal religious institution and some of the bureaucratic men in the society are said to see the veil as a way to keep women subservient in their society. This appears to be the central reason why unveiled women do not wear a hijab. They believe that because the head covering wasn’t originally created by Islam they shouldn’t have to wear it to achieve spiritual welfare or be considered of higher religious caliber. They believe the hijab is an oppressive tool to leave the male social hierarchy as it is now. By not wearing the hijab it appears that the majority of women feel empowered verses those woman who do where a veil. But it is important to note that there exceptions to the rule, the article talked about a girl who wore the hijab to be taken seriously by society and move up the social hierarchy. This article primarily uses an empirical methodology. The arguments are portrayed through the research and case study that the two authors conducted in Austin, Texas. Both arguments are covered thoroughly and some quantitative data is used. As I read the article I found it surprising that the two authors only conducted this study on twenty four women, twenty four Americanized women no less. An American Muslim woman verses a Middle Eastern Muslim woman can have very different views on the issue simply because the societies are so different, it is possible that the culture of the United States is encouraging this challenging think by these twenty four women. I also found it a little shocking that the article failed to address the factor fear plays in Middle Eastern Muslim women to wear the hijab. The majority of the Middle East is based on an ideology called Timocracy which is a society based on honor. When women in some countries do not wear the veil they are in affect disrespecting Islam and the nation according to some more radical Muslims. Because of this many women are punished by being beaten for something as little as a veil slipping in public. It is clear that a hijab does not have just one singular meaning. The veil may be a piece of the Islamic religion, but it is how women view and own the veil that determines what gender arises for the issue. While the some of the cultures may be forced on women, like Iran it takes independent and free thinking women to determine the culture now and how it will evolve.

Image Analysis of Cleopatra

Image Analysis of Cleopatra This paper analyses non-literary sources in terms of what information they can provide about Cleopatra, including visual images, analyses of numismatic evidence, and analysis of inscriptions. The paper relies on six main sources: Austin’s The Hellenistic world: from Alexander to the Roman conquest. A selection of ancient sources in translation; Goudchaux’s 2001 essay entitled Cleopatra’s subtle religious strategy, found in Higgs’ and Walker’s Cleopatra of Egypt: from history to myth, which is also a source; Holbl’s History of the Ptolemaic Empire; Howgego’s Ancient history from coins (approaching the ancient world) and Pollitt’s Art in the Hellenistic Age. From these sources, images of Cleopatra, from sculptures, pottery, mosaics and coinage, amongst others, are discussed, and their relevance to Cleopatra’s image are analysed and discussed. As Howgego (1995) argues, coins have far more than monetary value, they can be important in defining power and power structures, in terms of politics and in terms of imperialism, recognising, however, that is difficult to describe ancient political and power structures in modern terms, as they were so very different from the structures that are around at the moment, and, as such, describing such structures in terms of modern definitions can often itself lead to misunderstandings and flaws in research undertaken. The vast majority of coins that are known, for example, show Cleopatra as a Hellenic ruler, although she was, of course, the last Queen of Egypt. This attests to the fact that Cleopatra was a great manipulator, and that, indeed, she manipulated her image whilst alive in order to retain power, in politics, and over people. Portraying herself in Hellenistic images allowed Cleopatra to show to her people that she was not only ruler of Egypt, but, through her control of Alexandri a, ruler of all of the Hellenistic world. As Goudchaux points out in his 2001 essay Cleopatra’s subtle religious strategy, Cleopatra was a Ptolemy who spoke Egyptian. She had claim to Egyptian territory, through her family, and also to Hellenistic lands, as contemporary coinage suggest. Cleopatra therefore had political and territorial control of many lands, and also moved freely between many cultures, accepted as she was in Egypt and across the Hellenistic world. Goudchaux (2001) argues that she was an innovative ruler, and most definitely a product of her family’s power and history. In this essay, Goudchaux (2001) makes the point strongly that Cleopatra wanted to understand Egyptian concepts of religion as she realised that religion was one of the bonds which united the Egyptian people and which created a bond with the land, in terms of people having a focal point in the temples, all of which were dedicated to Egyptian gods. As such, Cleopatra was aware that, in some respects, by controlling religion, she would control the Egyptian people. Priests, Cleopatra realised, were the highest peak of Egyptian society, with priests commanding great respect and holding society together. Cleopatra realised this, realised the power of religion in Egyptian society, and it is known that Cleopatra herself held great respect for Egyptian priests and did everything she could to understand Egyptian religion, in terms of keeping priests close to her and ensuring that they followed her rule. This she then used to form bonds with Roman generals, for example, Caesar, and, indeed, Cle opatra built a temple in Rome when she visited Caesar. Romans found Egyptian style to be in vogue at some point in their history, but as Cleopatra would later realise, this was a fleeting fashion, which soon fell out of favour with the majority of Roman rulers. Cleopatra, therefore, as Goudchaux (2001) makes clear, was a shrwed politician, who knew what needed to be done, and when, in order to keep abreast of shifting power struggles, and to keep hold of her territory, which many people wanted (including the Roman generals). Cleopatra’s highly political character, in which she used her connections with many cultures (Ptolomeic to Egyptian to Roman to Hellenistic) to achieve her political aims, according to the needs of her kingdom as she saw them, itself led to many images of Cleopatra being produced. We have images of Cleopatra looking Egyptian, and images of Cleopatra looking Egyptian but with some Greek features, for example. All of these images are useful in that they allow pieces to be dated accurately, according to Cleopatra’s known movements and interactions with other rulers. As Goudchaux (2001) argues, as we have seen, Cleopatra was well aware of the power of imagery, and she used imagery as a political tool, in terms of ensuring her self-presentation was faultless in order to achieve her political aims. As Walker (2001) argues, in his essay in Higgs and Walker (2001), Cleopatra was a master manipulator, allowing images of herself to be created as the need arose, such that we have images of Cleopatra that are Egyptian in origin, such as Egyptian reliefs, which show Cleopatra as regal, and all powerful. We also have Roman images of Cleopatra, which, whilst on the face of it seem not to be flattering, as they show Cleopatra as womanly and in almost pornographic positions, but, understood in the context of Roman society at that time, are actually a compliment to her womanliness, and a way of presenting Cleopatra to the Romans in a way which would be appreciated by this society. Other images of Cleopatra, from coins, for example, show Cleopatra with very str ong features, not at all beautiful as is normally supposed, and are thought to be a reflection, a re-take on the portraiture of her father, Ptolemy XII, as a way of recalling her lineage to her people. Imagery of Cleopatra is thus both complex and complicated, and in order to understand Cleopatrian imagery, one needs to read this imagery in the context of the time at which it was made, and what political happenings were occurring at the time of the image being made. Higgs and Walker (2001) analysed nearly four hundred artefacts relating to Cleopatra and her life, in an attempt to understand Cleopatra’s iconography. The book, which is essentially a catalogue of the British Museum exhibition of the same name, includes many new images of Cleopatra, including some papyrus bearing her signature which was recently discovered, has caused as much sensation as the exhibition, with many ancient scholars arguing against the book, that it does not contain sufficiently in-depth research, and that the research it does contain is not high quality. This caveat aside, the edited book contains many interesting essays, amongst them Higgs’ Searching for Cleopatra’s image: classical portraits in stone which makes it clear that it is, actually, extremely difficult to identify Cleopatra in ancient sculptures, in particular, because, as we have seen, Cleopatra was a master manipulator of her image, and as such, there are many different kinds of images of Cleopatra, and then, on top of this, because of the artistic licence that many artists took when defining Cleopatra in their work. Higgs picks out some of what he considers to be essential features of any image of Cleopatra, including snakes, hairstyles and heads which are separated from the body (representing, bizarrely, power), and shows that these features can be used, generally, to identify images of Cleopatra. Goudchaux’s essay in this volume, as we have seen, is extremely useful in coming to some understanding of the imagery of Cleopatra, in terms of her religious beliefs and her use of religion to gain, and maintain, political power, but it is also useful in showing how subjective analyses of images of Cleopatra can be, and how maleable these images are, in that one person can look at an image of Cleopatra, on a coin for example, and find it beautiful, whereas another person can look at that very same image and find not beauty, but plain regalness, for example. As Goudchaux states, the fact that many of Cleopatra’s coins were made not from gold but from silver alloys, means that some of these coins have not survived well and that, because of this decay, they can provide distorted images of Cleopatra, simply by virtue of their damaged condition[1]. This degradation of imagery also needs to be taken in to account, Goudchaux argues, when assessing the power and purpose of imag es of Cleopatra, and the information that can be gained from such images and imagery. This analysis of the various images of Cleopatra and the way in which Cleopatra manipulated her image, and allowed her image to be manipulated, as a way of gaining and maintaining power over her people and over foreign rulers shows, ultimately, the necessity for Cleopatra to act in the way she did, in terms of ruling over a land that many people wanted to gain control of, from a city that the Romans wished to rule. Her manipulation of her image, on coins she minted, for example, was, as Howgego (1995) argues, a direct way for Cleopatra to portray the image of herself that she wanted to portray to her people, in order to gain the effect she wanted to gain from her people i.e., submission and support. As Higgs and Walker (2001) show, through their choice, and cataloguing, of nearly 400 artefacts relating to Cleopatra, Cleopatra was not just a master manipulator of her own image: she used art and imagery as a political tool, in an attempt to gain influence abroad. Higgs and Walker (2001) argue, for example, that the Roman Palestrina Nile Mosaic, which, it is argued by Goudchaux (2001), is a dedication from Cleopatra to the Roman goddess Fortuna, was gifted to the Romans as a way of gaining an in-road in to Roman society. Such gifts, replete with political imagery and significance were a feature of ancient society, a way of gaining a presence in a foreign nation, for example, and so Cleopatra’s usage of such imagery can, perhaps, be better understood in this context: that it was a routine way of attaining one’s wishes, in political terms. As such, perhaps, Cleopatra, through manipulating her own image, was doing nothing more than repeating a routine occurrence. As Pelling (2001) argues in his essay entitled Anything truth can do, we can do better: the Cleopatra legend, in Walker and Higgs (2001), that exaggerated portrayals of Cleopatra were common within Egypt and across the ancient world, and as Queen of Egypt, Cleopatra had a great role to play in this exaggeration; contemporary and more modern accounts of Cleopatra as the ‘beauty’ and even, for example, Cleopatra’s adoption by the black rights movement in the United States is no more than a continuation of Cleopatra’s own manipulation, that the appropriation of Cleopatra’s image, and the continuation of the ‘myth’ of Cleopatra’s beauty and power is no more than a way in which to borrow power from her image and to lend power to contemporary arguments and causes. This analysis of the various images of Cleopatra and the way in which Cleopatra manipulated her image, and allowed her image to be manipulated, as a way of gaining and maintaining power over her people and over foreign rulers has shown, ultimately, as we have seen, the necessity for Cleopatra to act in the way she did, in terms of ruling over a land that many people wanted to gain control of, from a city that the Romans wished to rule. The debates over Cleopatra’s supposed beauty is rather peripheral to the life that Cleopatra led, as ruler of Egypt and as over-seer of the Hellenistic world. As this study has shown, images of Cleopatra were created not with the task of conveying her beauty[2], but with conveying her power and her abilities to rule, and her willingness to continue to rule. References Austin, M.M, 2006. The Hellenistic world: from Alexander to the Roman conquest. A selection of ancient sources in translation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Goudchaux, G.W., 2001. Cleopatra’s subtle religious strategy. In S.Walker and P.Higgs (eds.), Cleopatra of Egypt: from history to myth. Higgs, P. and Walker, S. (eds.), 2001. Cleopatra of Egypt: from history to myth. Princeton University Press. Holbl, G., 2001. History of the Ptolemaic Empire. London: Routledge. Howgego, C., 1995. Ancient history from coins (approaching the ancient world). London: Routledge. Pollitt, J., 1986. Art in the Hellenistic Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1 Footnotes [1] Coins recently discovered in a bank vault in Newcastle, however, which are in mint condition show Cleopatra in a very bad light, not at all beautiful, with hooked nose and chin. See The Guardian 14th February 2007 article entitled Antony and Cleopatra: coin find changes the face of history by Martin Wainwright. [2] Indeed, as argued by Hamer (2001) in her essay in Higgs and Walker (2001) entitled The myth of Cleopatra since the Renaissance, this obsession with Cleopatra’s beauty is a modern obsession, that developed from the Renaissance onwards, and was not a defining feature of imagery of Cleopatra that was produced during her time.

The Mind and Motivation of a Serial Killer Essay -- essays research pa

The mind and motivation of a serial killer Serial killers tend to be white heterosexual males in their twenties and thirties, who are sexually dysfunctional and have low self-esteem. Serial killers generally murder strangers with cooling off periods in between each murder. Serial killers are twisted in nature. Some return to the place the murder happened or the gravesite to fantasize about their deeds. Serial killers have made many excuses for their killings and behavior such as: Henry Lucas blamed his upbringing, Jeffrey Dahmer claims he was born with a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“partà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? of him missing, Ted Bundy said porno made him do it and John Wayne Gacy turned the blame around and said the victims deserved to die. Many killers blame their families for their behavior, seeking sympathy. Forensic psychiatrists and FBI agents have tried to get inside the killerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mind for many years. Traditional explanations include childhood abuse, genetics, chemical imbalances, brain injuries and exposure to traumatic events. In true psychopathic fashion, serial killers are blaming someone else for their actions. If their bad childhood is the primary reason for their homicidal tendencies, then why don't their siblings also become serial killers? Are serial killers insane? Not by legal standards. Always looking to manipulate, serial killers will do just about anything to convince the authorities of their insanity. Being declared "legally insane" means avoiding death row...

Tone, Motif and Theme in Night Essay examples -- essays research paper

When people lose their dignity, they also lose a part of the very thing that makes them human. Despair, hopelessness, fear and apathy are all ways a human can lose their humanity. The eyes provide a window onto the soul, and thus a view on the person’s mental state. The eyes also function in reverse, as a symbolic gesture of control over someone. All of this is present in Night, by Elie Wiesel, an account of human tragedy, human cruelty, human dignity, and the loss thereof.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the start of the book, the residents of Sighet live relatively happily, oblivious to the approaching storm. Mochà © the Beadle practices the cabbala, with, â€Å"dreaming eyes† (13), living his life by his own terms. His eyes are his distinguishing factor; they show his hope for the future, his love of life, and his own freedom. Mochà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s eyes seperate him from the rest of the town, elevating him to a model of self-esteem, and a confident, independent person. However, the German cruelty to the foreign Jews changes Mochà ©; â€Å"There was no longer any joy in his eyes† (17). By subjecting him to horror and fear, they removed the parts of Mochà © that made him Mochà ©. When Mochà © lost his dignity, he lost himself. The horrifying part of Mochà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s experience is the Gestapo; they acted, â€Å"without passion, without haste† (16). Their apathy towards their ‘job’ turns them into monsters. The inhuman act of m urdering hundreds of people in cold blood was made even more heartless by feeling no emotion abo...

Roger Maris :: essays research papers

Roger Maris is probably one of baseball’s most misunderstood baseball heroes. Still now after almost 40 years Maris has still not achieved his rightful place in baseball history, the Baseball Hall of Fame. Roger Maris has had a picture-perfect life starting in Hibbing, Minnesota to where he grew up in Fargo, North Dakota. His young life was marked with athleticism. He excelled at many sports not just baseball. Roger was affluent in football and track among others. His baseball career began with the Cleveland Indians in 1957 and he was traded to the Kansas City Athletics in 1958. In 1966, he was traded to the St. Louis Cardinals. Maris retired from baseball following the 1968 season. Roger Maris was born in the small town of Hibbing, Minnesota. He only lived there for a few years until he moved to Grand Forks, North Dakota, where he stayed until he was ten. Maris began to realize his talent for athletics during those years. His father remembered that Roger could always play sports better than all of the other kids. More specifically he recalls that no other kid in the neighborhood could begin to match the distance in which Roger could hit the baseball. He was one of the fastest members of the track team. He was also prominent on the basketball and football teams. He was a local champion of stickball, being the only one who could hit the ball nearly 200 yards. Rogers’ family then moved to Fargo, North Dakota. His athletic skills were never used to their potential by the school so he changed high schools to Shanley high school where he was more appreciated. His football, track and basketball talents were used to the maximum potential and Roger gained a local fame.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Like many other baseball stars, Roger Maris began his career in American Legion baseball. He played outfield and he also pitched. In this league he was named the Most Valuable Player on the North Dakota championship team in 1950. After graduation Roger had to choose between football and baseball. It was a hard choice for him and he could go far in either sport. Thank goodness for baseball he chose it. He briefly considered college but he turned down the University of Oklahoma and numerous other colleges that made him offers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A scout report that was made by Frank Fahey in 1950 resurfaced in 1961 and as a result of this the Cleveland Indians asked him to a tryout camp.

Management Case study Essay

Case Study 1. How do information technologies contribute to the business success of the companies depicted in the case? Provide an example from each company explaining how the technology implemented let to improved performance. Information technologies are imperative to businesses and organizations that want to be successful. In this case, there were three companies that demonstrated how information technologies helped their business. The first company was eCourier. eCourier delivers packages around London and wanted to â€Å"keep real-time tabs on customer satisfaction†(Textbook, pg 5). eCourier used SeeWhy software to help give them customer data faster. This software allowed eCourier to see when client’s accounts were going dormant or if there were changes in the bookings. With this new data, eCourier saved money by not having to add extra staff to monitor who was happy with service and who was not. The second company was Cablecom. Cablecom was also interested customer satisfaction. They used statistical software to look through customer data and filter out trouble. They also found that using survey research in combination with statistical software gave a more accurate look at customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction. These two information technologies allowed Cablecom to see which customers were unhappy and helped them retain those customers. Finally, the third company was a law firm called Bryan Cave. Bryan Cave needed an alternative to the hourly fee normally charged by law firms. Clients wanted â€Å"fixed pricing and pricing that was adjusted during a project† (Textbook, pg 6). The law firm had spreadsheets to help breakdown the collection of fees and how much profit was being made but these spreadsheets were difficult and confusing. The company used business intelligent tools to help â€Å"lawyers track budgets in real time so that they could quickly make adjustments†(Textbook, pg. 6). The use of this technology led to improved profitability for the law firm and also improvement in hours worked by fee earners in the law firm. 2. In the case of law firm Bryan Cave discussed above, the use of BI technology to improve the availability, access, and presentation of existing  information allowed them to provide tailored and innovative services to their customers. What other professions could benefit from a similar use of these technologies, and how? Develop two different possibilities. Many professions can use business intelligence tools just like in the case of Bryan Cave law firm. The banking industry can use BI tools to stay competitive. With competition nature and increasing due regulatory legislation surrounding financial institutions, it is imperative that financial institutions monitor customer’s behaviors related to consumption of banking products in an effort to retain the customers. Business intelligence tools are being developed and marketed to banks to help monitor, analyze accounts, and determine customer profitability. This type of business intelligence tool would help the banks market to current customers based on their propensity to purchase products based on transaction behavior and other products the customers currently utilize. Additionally, a business intelligience tool that performs an analysis of the current fee structure charged for existing products in relation to the competition in the marketplace would help the bank determine if their pricing structure is competitive and in line with the competition. This technology would also help financial institutions identify which customers are profitable and whether or not fees should be increased or reduced. Currently, Chemical Bank has implemented a business intelligience tool that commerical lenders will utilize by cross rreferencing their loan portfolio and any prospect against to determine the profitability of the customer in relation to the company’s return on equity. The business intelligience tool will help the commerical lenders determined if the loan rate is in line given certain parameters such as the market, financial statements, and the customer’s business plan. Additionally, the tool will help determine if packaging a suite of products would benefit the customer if more products and services of the bank were utilized. Finally, Chemical Bank is investigating an innovative business intelligence tool called data cube is being considered for implementation. The data cubes would be developed from different reports for regional sales managers allowing them to manipulate the data to be more useful strategic planning and determining staffing solutions. BS&A software  company could benefit from business intelligence tools. BS& A provides tax software and assessing software to many Michigan townships and cities. Each platform communicates with any of the other BS& A platforms. From personal experience it is a wonderful program. To help retain current clients BS& A could use survey research to see what needs to be enhanced for each client or what needs to be simplified for each client. This would allow the company to then tailor its software to fit each customer’s needs. At the township I work, we needed a way to enter credit card payments into our tax program from BS & A. The only payments accepted in the software were checks and cash. By filling out the survey and sending it back via internet I was immediately contacted and the program writers made the necessary changes that allowed me to enter when a client of the township paid with a credit card. I was very satisfied with the results and BS & A retained my township as one of their clients. Case Study 3: Cablecom developed a prediction model to better identify those customers at risk of switching to other company in the near future. In addition to those noted in the case, what other actions could be taken if that information were available? Give some examples of these. Would you consider letting some customers leave anyway? Why? Cablecom used two softwares, SPSS’s statistical software and SPSS’s Dimensions survey research software, to study customer dissatisfaction. SPSS’s statistical software tells: 1. How many times problem occurred 2. How long does it took to fix the problem Drawbacks of this software: This may or may not tell what the problem was. SPSS’s Dimensions survey research software tells: 1. After how many months of service customers gets dissatisfied- 9 months 2. When customers switch most- between 12-14 months Drawback: why to wait till 7-9 months to find the problem? Actions to prevent switching: Find the problem, fix the problem: Send monthly satisfaction surveys to find the problem areas. If people are not responding very well then add some incentives to it like lucky prizes from the drawings of responders. Be PROACTIVE 1. Keep customers engaged by prroviding some money saving tips to customers with their monthly bill. Some 2. examples of tips that may improve customer retention are: family plans over individual plans that would allow for a cost savings; Explain the benefit of texting if it’s cheaper than making phone calls; explain the benefits of bundled plans over individual plans for phone, cable and TV; tips to increase the life of the products that Cablecom provides. Newsletters about new products and services, explaining how these are useful to customers and how they are better than competition. Brining a value added benefit to customers on a monthly or quarterly basis will create an affinity for the services a company provides. I will not consider letting some customers leave anyway, unless those are financially unsustainable on long-term basis. There are different reasons for this: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. If customer is there then job is available. It takes lots of advertising resources to get one customer. One satisfied customer brings more customers by word of mouth. One unsatisfied customer talks bad about company more loudly than a satisfied  customer talks good about company. Your competitor is getting your business. Question 9. In what major ways have the roles of information systems applications in business expanded during the last 40 years? What is one major change you think will happen in the next 10 years? The roles of information systems applications in business evolved in following order during the last 40 years: ï‚ · ï‚ · Technical changes or Data Processing: Until 1960 information systems was used for transactions, processing, record keeping, accounting. Managerial changes (1960s to 80’s): 1. Management reporting (1960’s): MIS helped in making managerial decisions from pre defined managerial 2. reports. Decision Support System (1970’s): Introduced to help management make decisions from the available raw data using unique inputs and style. ï‚ · Corporate Activities (1980’s to 2000’s): 1. Strategic end user support (1980’s): This includes end user computing, executive information for critical 2. 3. decisions, use of artificial intelligence for strategy building, expert systems for providing knowledge to end user and strategic information on how to place products and services in competitive world. Enterprise Resource Planning (2000’s): It includes every aspect of business ranging from manufacturing, supply, sales, HR, Inventory management, marketing etc. This also uses business Intelligence for better insight into competitor activities. Enterprise beyond vendors and customers or global Networking (1990’s): Introduction of e-commerce, ebusiness, development of internet, intranet and extranet. In future 10 years, speed and integrity of Information system will be crucial. This includes solving the problem of ethics in business, storage of personal information and data, missing or incorrect information. Some examples of the challenges include insider trading in stock market, corruption in news corporations, credit card and insurance companies. P.S.: I am having a hard time in fixing bullets and numbering on this page editor. It inserts numbers automatically when not needed and does not accepts bullets when needed. So proper formatting is a challenge unless I type on this page. Any suggestions or ideas to fix this problem are welcome. Gubir, I had the same problem with formatting so related to indenting. Insead of typing this editor, I have been typing in a Microsoft word document, to copy and paste the text over. It allows me to do a better spell and grammar check as well. ~Lisa Question 1 How can information technology support a company’s business processes and decision making and give it a competitive advantage? Give examples to illustrate your answer. As stated in the textbook, â€Å"information technology can help support all types of business by improving efficiency and effectiveness of businesses processes and decision making† (Textbook, p.4). Incorporating information technology early in the decision making process and working collaboratively with the different business units will provide opportunities to strengthen a company’s competitive position by creating innovative solutions to deliver in the marketplace. Additionally, it’s imperative to involve information technologist specialists or strategists  (depending on the title designated by companies) at the very early stages of decision making processes. Understanding the role of IT in the managerial decision making process will help the manager make better decisions that provide a competitive edge. For example, a manager of retail store deciding which product line to add to a store may analyze computer generated reports to support his or her decision as the goal is to remain profitable and have an edge over the local competitor. The manager would demonstrate poor decision making and leadership by reviewing reports after purchasing the product line. Carrying a product line that customers will not purchase does not make good business sense. Further, managers involved in a company’s strategic planning process should seek the knowledge and support of information technology specialists as well to determine the role information technology will play in developing and implementing the company short term and long term strategic initiatives. Information technology systems can be an essential ingredient in business processes such as product development, customer support processes, and ecommerce transactions (Textbook, pp. 8-9). For example, as a Retail Sales Manager for Chemical Bank, information technology representatives work collaboratively with me and other teams we develop new initiatives and projects to support the company’s strategic plans. Most recently, the company embarked on a mission to increase the services and products of the current customers at penetration rate of 70%. A manager is sought the support IT as I created training of my staff to achieve the goal and also to develop the reporting of data to monitor progress toward the goal. Without a robust product line and customer service centers to meet the needs of the customers, financial institutions are not profitable or competitive. Information technology helps financial institutions stay in tune with the customer’s needs, wants and pulse of the industry. Question 2. How does the use of the Internet, intranets, and extranets by companies today support their business processes activities? The Internet, intranets, extranets, and the technologies that support the  applications have changed the business processes, the productivity and communication of employees, and helped companies participate in a global marketplace. As a starting place, it’s imperative to evaluate how the Internet, intranets and extranets have revolutionized the work environment and productive of the employees driving businesses. Employees now ability to work virtually and collaborating with different work groups or teams from across the company via e-mail, videoconferencing, e-discussion groups without geographic barriers. By utilizing intranets (networks within the company or enterprise), employees can support business applications from anywhere they have access or connectivity to an intranet. For example, employees at the financial institution I am employed, Chemical Bank, can access loan documents needed to close a loan for customer instantly from a cue on their desktop instead of waiting for an inter-office mail delivery from the loan department. All 142 branches have equal access in real time for loan documentation. Obviously, the speedier process of delivering loan document supports the bank’s profitability by getting the loans on the book quicker as well as providing better customer service because there is less wait time for the customer. Additionally, employee work more efficiently and the exchange of ideas flows better with the use of the intranet for internal projects and the extranet for interfacing and exchange of ideas with customers. The extranet (the network or enterprise between the business and the customers/vendors) provides for the business and the employees the infrastructure to support business applications vital to many companies and the ability to collaborate among workgroups. (Textbook, p.12) Further, the Internet has benefits and supports businesses today by establishing a medium for the exchange of not only ideas but also goods and services. E-Commerce is defined by the book as â€Å"the buying, selling, marketing, and servicing of products, services, and information over a variety of computer networks†. (Textbook, p. 13) Businesses utilize the Internet in every step of the process involved in selling a service or good. Businesses advertise and market the goods and services on the Internet to promote the brand loyalty. Additionally, the ability to purchase goods on line and make payments increases the sales and profitability of companies. For example, Kohl’s department stores now have kiosks placed in their stores. Customers who cannot find a size of a particular item or merchandise that is no longer in  stock at one location utilizes the kiosk for service. The kiosk is an internet based selling system that allows customers to purchase items using their Kohl’s charge with all applicable discounts and the item will be sent to the customer’s home within a very short period of time. In years prior, customers would try to locate a sales representative who would contact another store to locate the item wanted which could take up to twenty minutes. Then, the option is given to the customer to pick up the item at another store that has it or have the merchandise delivered to a local store requiring another trip by the customer. The process was cumbersome and didn’t provide the customer with an exception customer service experience. The kiosk on the other hand provides instant service and creates customer loyalty. Finally, the market research and data that the Internet provides can support a company all the way from product development and innovation to the level of service being delivered by the employees on the front line. All of which is very important to businesses in making managerial decisions and deciding business processes. For example, financial institutions such as Chemical Bank are employing marketing firms to conduct Internet research to determine the brand loyalty of banking products or conducting online surveys to capture data about the customer’s experience in the branch as well as what products are missing from the bank’s current suite of products. Businesses can know how many â€Å"clicks† on their website to the feedback about the business’ service by monitoring Facebook and Twitter. 4. Why do big companies still fail in their use of information technology? What should they be doing differently? Big companies still fail in their use of information technology because they do not follow the right strategies to apply this technology to work effectively. Efficiency and effectiveness are the keys to a successful company. Companies have to be aware of the implications and abilities of f their information technology and how to apply it to their daily business  practices. They must be knowledgable and remain aware of the latest innovations in the technological machineries as well as its functions as well as its business applications. Many large companies do not realize the potential of the technology their current possess that contributes to them not seeing the value in the information technology because they are only measuring the information in terms of effeciency when they actually should be looking at effectiveness in supporting the organization’s buiness processes. Management of large companies fail to use information technology because they don’t realize how it enhances the organizational structure and culture of the company and it’s potential to increase customers and business value of the organization. Management has to play the biggest role in the change and take decisions accordingly to assist business and customer. Another important characteristic for big companies not to fail and do differently is to offer proper training for employees on the new technologies, to be able to work them in the appropriate way to deliver the right services. For example, Jackie Barretta, vice president and CIO of Con-Way, Inc. was able to benefit her cooperation from the changes she has made in adopting Agile development practices. Her actions have benefited the business as well as her employees, especially the IT department. There was less time to develop projects and a greater communication with IT as they worked jointly and determined priorities. â€Å"I made the case for change in IT by explaining how the business would benefit if we delivered the highest priority functionality faster. I also kept reiterating what was in it for them- and there was a lot† (Textbook p19) When companies’ presidents take change in consideration to benefit the company, therefore, they profited the company, the employees and the customers. 5. How can a manager demonstrate that he or she is a responsible end user of information systems? Give several examples. Managers have to be responsible end user of the information system. They have to be accountable for all aspects of corporation and take the right decisions at the right time to promote the business and its employees. Managers will have to be in charge and work thoroughly with the employees on the information system to make sure to deliver the benefits of the system. While doing so, managers have to secure the system and use ways to protect it through passwords for example to forbid the access to sensitive information. Also, if manager are working from computers not based in the company, there will be a great chance of viruses and spam that will put the information system in danger. Therefore, securing the work on the IS is a great deal before taking action or creating any change. Managers will have to monitor the work of their employees as well as the affectivity of their jobs on the system they are working on. When a manager knows of their duties and the responsibilities that are to be made for an efficient business then there will not be a problem delivering these liabilities through the information system. Being end users, managers will have to identify flaws and mistakes that take place and not over look them. When these strategies are used, it makes the job easy on both manager and employees as they work cooperatively and the security of the information system will not be likely jeopardized.

Competition Bike Incs Essay

Horizontal analysis compares a company’s performance from year to year. I will be reviewing Competition Bikes Inc(CBI) balance sheets and income statements. During CBI year 6, 7 and 8 I have found their net sales , cost of goods to be fluctuating, and few various other items. The net sales from year 6 to 7 increase 33.34 %. The cost of goods from year 6 to 7 was 31.82 %. The gross profit increase 30.89. Comparing year 6 and 7 I found that year 7 improved, but when I compared year 7 to 8 the results were not good for year 8. The company had experienced a 15 percent reduction in net sales. Cost of goods drops 14.8 % from year 7 to 8. Advertising Expenses CBI advertising expenses increased by 37.5 % from year 6 to 7. CBI made a great investment from year 6 to 7 because the net sales increase at a higher rate the increased advertising cost. CBI reduced their advertising expenses by 16.3 % from year 7 to 8. I believed this was done because of the fragile economy. Many companies are trying to make cuts back during a weak economy. These reduces expenses will hold them over until the economy becomes stronger. Website/Sales The website creation and maintenance expenses during year 6, 7 and 8 stayed the same price. Sales commission increase 33.371 % during year 7 from the previous year. Sales commission decrease by 15 % the following year (8). Distribution Network The Distribution network expenses had a positive increased in year 7 by33.3 % jump from the previous year. Distribution expenses are normally supposed to maintain similar numbers, but when you have an increase in sales it is acceptable to increase the distribution expenses. Distribution network expenses decreased 15 percent in year 8. This was caused due to less revenue. Transportation CBI had 33% transportation increase from year 6 to 7. This was caused CBI had more products sold and required more products to be shipped. CBI saw 15 % transportation decrease from year 7 to 8. CBI had less products sold and this caused transportation to decrease in year 8. Administrative Expenses from year 6 to 7 saw 21.43% increase. Administrative Expenses maintain the same expenses from year 7 to 8. Executive expenses increased 29.42 % from year 6 to 7. Year 7 and 8 maintain the same level of expenses. Employment taxes rose by 25.81 % increase from year 6 to 7. Year 7 and 8 maintain the same level of employment of expenses. Administrative expenses are expected due to company having increase production and sales. Utilities expenses rose 3.84 % from year 6 to 7. CBI operation worked proficiently in year 7, and this helped them experienced only an increase of 3.8% in utilities. This was caused due to increase production. CBI utilities increased by 11.11 during year 8. I would suggest CBI have their utilities monitor from day to day to see how they can prevent an increase in expenses when the company is not performing well compared to the previous year. Research CBI saw research and development saw a 37.5 % percent increase from year 6 to 7.During year eight CBI reduces their research and development expenses by 16.3 %. A company should never reduces their research and development if they company perform well in the previous year. I believe this was one of the reasons why CBI had a great year during 7 because they knew what consumers wanted. Due to lack of spending on research and development this caused their sales to drop. Research and development is an important component of competition against other companies without a company will fail to succeed. Interest Income CBI interest income rose 38.1% from year 6 to 7. During year 7 CBI income was properly invested. During year 8 CBI investments had a 3.4% reduction. The reduction was small, but small things do add up over time. I would suggest CBI to monitor their investments and make plans to move around their money if the current trend continues. Balances sheets CBI accounts receivable rose 164.3% from year 6 to 7. During year 8 CBI accounts receivable drop 15 percent. CBI should monitor accounts receivable more closely to make sure past due balances are paid on time. This was caused due to the company noticing a large increase on accounts receivable during year 7 and they tried to capitalize on it. This caused their accounts receivable to drop. Raw Materials CBI manages their raw materials well during year 7. CBI had 3.1% percent reduction in year 8. CBI should incorporate lean production method and Just in time production to avoid wasteful spending and production. Liabilities CBI liabilities increase 1.2% from year 6 to 7. This is expected due to year having 7 having an increase in sales and productions. CBI reduces their liabilities by 3.1% from year 7 to 8. This is good because CBI had a 15 percent reduction in net sales. Vertical analysis A method of financial statement analysis in which each entry for each of the three major categories of accounts (assets, liabilities and equities) in a balance sheet is represented as a proportion of the total account. The main advantages of vertical analysis are that the balance sheets of businesses of all sizes can easily be compared. It also makes it easy to see relative annual changes within one business(Investopedia,2013). Income Year 7 net sales were 7% higher than year 6.CBI preserved their selling expenses at 6.7% of total Net Sales. CBI reduced General & Admin Expenses from 17.1% during year 6 to 15.5% during year 7.This would lead to an increase in Operating Income from 2.8% of Net Sales from year 6 to 5.3% in year 7 and CBI Net Earnings would increase from 1.1% (year 6) to 3.3% (year7). CBI did not perform well in year 8 because their expenses increase during year 8. This caused CBI net earnings to reduce.. CBI Administrative expenses increased 15.5% from year 6 to 7. CBI net sales increase 18.4% from year 7 to 8. CBI operating expenses income was reduce 5.3%of net sales to 1.9 % causing CBI net earnings from 3.3% to a .7%. I would recommend CBI to monitor their general and Admin expenses. Majority of expenses stayed the same during year 6,7 and 8. However during year 8 the CBI did not perform well. I believed CBI needs to find ways to reduces expenses when the company is having a low sales volume. CBI should incorporate just in time principles and lean manufacturing principles. I believe this would help reduce wasted production and this would help reduce utilities expenses. Just in time principles and lean manufacturing principles could also reduce employee expenses. ASSESTS CBI in the cash and cash equivalent accounts drop from 6.2 % in year 6 to 2.7%. However, during year 7 more products were sold compared to year 6. CBI accounts receivable had a major increase from year 6(6.5%) to year 7(16.6%).CBI needs to monitor their accounts receivable accounts more closely and make sure they’re collecting the amount owed to them. During year 8 CBI cash and cash equivalents had risen from 2.7 %( year 7) to 10.3%(year 8). The reason why this happen was due to CBI had started to monitor their accounts receivable. This helped them collect the money they were owed on past due accounts. I would recommend CBI to avoid making purchase on accounts and find ways to use the cash in a more efficient way. CBI should realize it important they have enough reserves during a recession. This will help hold them over until the economy bounces back. â€Å"Trend Analysis is the practice of collecting information and attempting to spot a pattern, or trend, in the information (Wikipedia,2012).†CBI sales were lower than year 7, but they still were able to make a profit. CBI should expect to see growth in the next few years based on their current trend. CBI is expected to have 3,510 units sold in year 9. CBI will have 3,660 units sold in year 10. Finally during year 11,CBI will sell 3,800 units. The forecast numbers are based on the economy recovering. This will encourages CBI sponsors to invest in professional riders and this will increase new bike sales. Currently is cost CBI 1,047.50 to make each product. I would recommend CBI find suppliers who have the same quality parts, but at a lower cost. I would also make recommend CBI is following just in time and lean manufacturing principles. This could help CBI increase their profit margin. Ratio analysis- analyzes numbers Ratio analysis is a method used by businesses to assess their financial situation by comparing two sets of linked data. Current ratio will measure a company’s ability to pay short-term obligations. CBI had a reduction from year 7 (5.9%) to 8(5.35%). Two wheel racing (TWR) current ratio was 4.2% for year 7 and 8. A debt ratio will determine if a business is able to handle any unexpected liabilities it that may come up. A business needs to make sure they enough money to pay off debt to avoid problems with their debt. During year 7 CBI debt ratio was 46.8%. The follow year the debt ratio was 46%. The debt ratio only drops .08 percent during year 8. TWR debt ratio was 38% in year 7 and 8. An acid test ratio will determine if a company can back their liabilities. CBI is doing better than (TWR) by 1.12% and .85%. Inventory turnover- determines the number of times a company can sell it average level of inventory throughout the year. CBI bicycles are customizes for customers so I am unable to compared CBI and TWR. Average collection period, This determines how well a company is able to collect money to the customers they extended credit to.CBI has higher collected amount compared to TWR. CBI was 11.3% higher in year 7 and 8. Gross Profit Margin, will tell investors how much revnue was gain after selling the product(Cost of Good-revenue/gross profit. TWR profit margin is 32.10% higher than CBI profit margin in year 7(27.4%) and 8(27.0%). TWR is operating more effectively. Operating profit margin Measures management efficiency (Operating income/total sales). CBI year 7 was 5.3% and TWR was 5.2%. Year 8 TWR performed better with 5.3% compared to CBI(1.9%). Net Profit Margin show investors the percentage of each sale dollar earn as net income. During year 7 CBI net profits was 3.3% and in year 8 it was .8%.TWR was 5.14% year 7 and 8. The portion of a company’s profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. Earnings per share serves as an indicator of a company’s profitability(Investopedia,2013).TWR was $.08 for year 7 and 8. CBI was $.20 during year 7 and $.04 in year 8. Return on total assets-determine how successful a company is to earn profit with their assets. TWR total assets was 4.8% for year 7 and 8. CBI was 4.5% in year 7 and year 8 was .8%. Return on Common Equity- Income between net income and stockholder equity. During year 7 CBI equity was 8.5% AND TWR was 8.1%. CBI equity in year 8 was 1.5% and TWR was 8.1% Price / Earnings Ratio- Stock prices and company earning. CBI earning share 49.67 and TWR was 29. During year CBI price jump to 83.73 and TWR was still 29. Times Interest Earned Determines the numbers of times operating income can pay interest expense. Year 7 interest earn was 5.27 and TWR was 4.24. During year 8 CBI interest earn drop to 1.77 and TWR remained 4.24. ‘Working capital is a financial metric(current assets minus company liabilities) which represents operating liquidity available to a business, organization or other entity, including governmental entity(Wikipedia,2013).† The financial metric system will analyzes if a company will be able to pay their short term liabilities or do they need to take an alternative solution. CBI working capital in year 6 was $382,394: CBI working capital at the end of year was 1,306,617. CBI increased their working capital by 70.7% at the end of year 8. After reviewing CBI working capital the results indicated they will be able to pay their short term liabilities Recommendation I would recommend CBI to have their accounts executives to build a better relationship with customers and make sure they’re satisfied with the work they are receiving. One of the most important things a company can do is listen to their employees. I would also recommend CBI to reduce their accounts receivables. This could be done by making sure that larger orders from customer are sent out faster. CBI inventory cost increase over 24% from year 6 to year 8.CBI should follow the just in time and lean manufacturing principles. This will reduces inventory cost for CBI. CBI transportation expenses are one of their highest expenses. I would recommend CBI to consider to purchasing their own delivery truck and see if this will help them reduce their transportation expense. Internal controls Internal controls helps a company infrastructure run smoothly. Internal controls also help protect and prevent fraud. Internal control will try to remove the temptations for employee to act unethically in the aspect of putting the company at risk of lawsuit. CBI purchase department (PD) will purchases orders from suppliers based on their monthly budget. Once the order has been received the PD will evaluate bids from different suppliers. Once the order has been received they’re given to the production line. The invoice will be sent to the PD. If there are any supplies left they will be sent to raw materials. The PD will then send an accounting department who issues a check to the supplier. Recommendation I would recommend the whole entire processed be revamped. The first thing I would recommended is to separate the duties of researching the bid and purchasing orders. The next thing I would suggest is to make the receiving department in charge of verifying the shipping when the packages arrive. The receiving department needs to verify every item is there from the supplier and their no missing item from the delivery. The receiving department should maintain an inventory control system. After the receiving department has approved the invoice, they should forward to the purchasing department. The purchase order will be forward to the accounting department for payment. Accounting has currently been only receiving unverified invoices. Risk Accounting has currently been only receiving unverified invoices. The lack of verification could cause CBI to get double charge for item they already paid for. Currently their lack of inventory control system. Currently unused supplies are being sent to raw material without anyway of tracking it. This would make it easy for employees to steal because lack of inventory control system. Recommendation I would suggest an inventory control system be implemented. I would make sure all packages received by receiving department be verified by management to avoid being double charge. The inventory control system will help prevent theft from employees. I would also hire outside firm every quarter to check inventory levels to make sure no one is stealing from the company. Sarbanes-Oxley Act Sarbanes-Oxley Act is government regulation that congress pass in order to improve financial disclosures. This would help prevent accounting fraud and improve financial disclosures from corporations(Wikpedia,2013).†Section 302: A mandate that requires senior management to certify the accuracy of the reported financial statement Section 404: A requirement that management and auditors establish internal controls and reporting methods on the adequacy of those controls. Section 404 had very costly implications for publicly traded companies as it is expensive to establish and maintain the required internal controls (Investopedia,2013). CBI does not mention that they were audited by outside firm. I highly recommend CBI to hire auditing firm to review the company’s annual statement before releasing the numbers to the public to make sure there is no accounting errors. Internal controls are implemented and effective at the end of year 8(Dec 31). The CEO, and CFO certification is need because it is required by SOX and this could not be located. Auditor releases the following statement to shareholders. A material weakness is a control deficiency, or a combination of control deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis Recommendations CBI needs to make sure they are in compliance with the regulations set forth by Sarbanes-Oxley CB. The first thing I would recommend is to conduct a internal control assessment. The next thing I would recommend CBI to hire accounting firm to review their internal controls. The control needs to be based on Sox guidelines. The CEO and CFO needs to certify they’re aware of the CBI internal control and the actions the company have taken to protect investor’s investments. It is very vital CBI CEO and CFO certifies they’re aware of internal control because Sarbanes-Oxley requires this to be done. Since the accounting firm made assessment that the internal control is effective their might be some problems that could arise from the following statement, â€Å"A material weakness is a control deficiency, or a combination of control deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.† I would recommend the CEO or CFO to take action fix the internal control problem because they could face jail time for making statements that were not true. .† CBI should base their guidelines set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Tread Way Commission(CSOTWO). CSOTWO is joint inivate five private sector organizations devoted to providing leadership through progress and guidance on enterprise risk management, internal control and fraud dictation. This is a great way for C BI to improve the internal control process. References Free Dictionary(2013) http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Sarbanes-Oxley+Act+of+2002 Investopedia(2013) http://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/horizontalanalysis.asp#axzz2Hh4rgfuE True Bussiness(2013) http://truetobusiness.com/finance/ratio-analysis Wikipedia(2013) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_control

Familiarizing students with basics of the science branches

The MYP 3 scientific discipline class incorporates basic information, cognition, facts, and practical applications of the scientific subdivisions, which are biological science, chemical science, and natural philosophies. The purpose of the class is to familiarise the pupils with the constructs and rudimentss of the scientific discipline subdivisions and to guarantee they develop appropriate accomplishments in managing theoretical scientific cognition presented in talk and practical applications offered in school research labs.Course aims:The MYP 3 scientific discipline class aims are based on the MYP aims. It encourages and enables pupils to: 1. Develop wonder, involvement and enjoyment towards scientific discipline and its methods of enquiry. 2. Acquire scientific cognition and apprehension. 3. Communicate scientific thoughts, statements and practical experiences efficaciously in a assortment of ways. 4. Develop experimental and fact-finding accomplishments to plan and transport out scientific probes and to measure grounds to pull a decision. 5. Develop critical, originative and asking heads that pose inquiries, work out jobs, concept accounts, justice statements and do informed determinations in scientific and other contexts. 6. Develop consciousness of the possibilities and restrictions of scientific discipline and appreciate that scientific cognition is germinating through collaborative activity locally and internationally. 7. Appreciate the relationship between scientific discipline and engineering and their function in society. 8. Develop consciousness of the moral, ethical, societal, economic, political, cultural and environmental deductions of the pattern and usage of scientific discipline and engineering. 9. Observe safety regulations and patterns to guarantee a safe working environment during scientific activities. 10. Engender an consciousness of the demand for and the value of effectual coaction during scientific activities. Categorization of life beings â€Å" Monera, Protoctista, Fungi, Plants and animate beings † . Metamorphosis and enzymes. Plant and animate being cells, specialised cells, tissues, conveyance mechanisms between cells and their environment ( diffusion, osmosis, and active conveyance ) , cell division † miosis and mitosis † . Chemistry: Chemical forms: solid, liquid and gas atoms, sub atomic atoms, atomic construction and isotopes. The Periodic Table: Elementss and the periodic tabular array, alkali metals, alkalic Earth metals, passage metals, halogens and baronial gases. Bonding: Ionic bonds and covalent bonds. Acids and bases: Properties of acids and bases, pH graduated table, neutralisation, mundane illustrations. Physicss: Beams and Waves: Beams and visible radiation, Torahs of contemplations, level and curving mirrors, refraction of visible radiation, lenses, mundane utilizations of mirrors and lenses, transverse and longitudinal moving ridges, wave equation. Appraisal: This class will utilize assortment of assessment tools including hebdomadal quizzes, unit trials, presentations, undertakings, lab work, aˆÂ ¦.etc. Most of these appraisals will be assessed harmonizing to the following MYP standards: Standard A – ONE Universe: This nonsubjective refers to enabling pupils to derive a better apprehension of the function of scientific discipline in society. Students should be cognizant that scientific discipline is a planetary enterprise and that its development and applications can hold effects for our lives. One universe should supply pupils with the chance to critically measure the deductions of scientific developments and their applications to local and/or planetary issues. At the terminal of the class, pupils should be able to: aˆ? explain the ways in which scientific discipline is applied and used to turn to specific jobs or issues. aˆ? discuss the effectivity of scientific discipline and its application in work outing jobs or issues. aˆ? discuss and measure the moral, ethical, societal, economic, political, cultural and environmental deductions of the usage of scientific discipline and its application in work outing specific jobs or issues. Achievement degree Form 0 The pupil does non make a standard described by any of the forms below. 1-2 -The pupil states one manner in which scientific discipline is applied and used to turn to specific jobs or issues – The pupil remarks upon the effectivity of scientific discipline and its application in work outing jobs or issues. -The pupil states how scientific discipline and its application interact with one of the undermentioned factors: moral, ethical, societal, economic, political, cultural and environmental. 3-4 -The pupil states the ways in which scientific discipline is applied and used to turn to specific jobs or issues -The pupil states the effectivity of scientific discipline and its application in work outing jobs or issues -The pupil states how scientific discipline and its application interact with some of the undermentioned factors: moral, ethical, societal, economic, political, cultural and environmental. 5-6 -The pupil describes the ways in which scientific discipline is applied and used to turn to specific jobs or issues. – The pupil describes the effectivity of scientific discipline and its application in work outing jobs or issues – The pupil describes how scientific discipline and its application interact with some of the undermentioned factors: moral, ethical, societal, economic, political, cultural and environmental. Standard B – Communication: This nonsubjective refers to enabling pupils to go competent and confident when pass oning information in scientific discipline. Students should be able to utilize scientific linguistic communication right and a assortment of communicating manners and formats as appropriate. Students should be cognizant of the importance of admiting and suitably citing the work of others when pass oning in scientific discipline. At the terminal of the class, pupils should be able to: aˆ? usage scientific linguistic communication right. aˆ? usage appropriate communicating manners such as verbal ( unwritten, written ) , ocular ( in writing, symbolic ) and communicating formats ( research lab studies, essays, presentations ) to efficaciously pass on theories, thoughts and findings in scientific discipline. aˆ? acknowledge the work of others and the beginnings of information used by suitably documenting them utilizing a recognized referencing system. Achievement degree Form 0 The pupil does non make a standard described by any of the forms below. 1-2 -The pupil uses some scientific linguistic communication. -The pupil communicates little or no scientific information. -The pupil paperss limited or no beginnings of information. 3-4 -The pupil uses some scientific linguistic communication right. -The pupil communicates scientific information moderately efficaciously. – The pupil paperss beginnings of information in a bibliography. 5-6 -The pupil uses scientific linguistic communication right. -The pupil communicates scientific information efficaciously. -The pupil paperss beginnings of information including bibliography and in-text mentioning. Criterion C – KNOWLEDGE AND Understanding: This nonsubjective refers to enabling pupils to understand scientific cognition ( facts, thoughts, constructs, procedures, Torahs, rules, theoretical accounts and theories ) and to use it to build scientific accounts, work out jobs and explicate scientifically supported statements. At the terminal of the class, pupils should be able to: aˆ? recall scientific cognition and usage scientific apprehension to build scientific accounts aˆ? use scientific cognition and understanding to work out jobs set in familiar and unfamiliar state of affairss. aˆ? critically analyze and evaluate information to do judgements supported by scientific apprehension. Achievement degree Form 0 The pupil does non make a standard described by any of the forms below. 1-2 – The pupil recalls some scientific thoughts, constructs and/or procedures. -The pupil applies scientific understanding to work out simple jobs. 3-4 -The pupil describes scientific thoughts, constructs and/or procedures. -The pupil applies scientific understanding to work out complex jobs in familiar state of affairss. -The pupil analyses scientific information by placing parts, relationships or causes. 5-6 -The pupil uses scientific thoughts, constructs and/or processes right to build scientific accounts. – The pupil applies scientific understanding to work out complex jobs including those in unfamiliar state of affairss. -The pupil analyses and evaluates scientific information and makes judgements supported by scientific apprehension. Criterion D – SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY: This nonsubjective refers to enabling pupils to develop rational and practical accomplishments to plan and transport out scientific probes independently and to measure the experimental design ( method ) . At the terminal of the class, pupils should be able to: aˆ? province a focussed job or research inquiry to be tested by a scientific probe. aˆ? explicate a testable hypothesis and explicate it utilizing scientific logical thinking. aˆ? design and carry out scientific probes that include variables and controls, stuff and/or equipment needed, a method to be followed and the manner in which the information is to be collected and processed aˆ? measure the cogency and dependability of the method. Achievement degree Form 0 The pupil does non make a standard described by any of the forms below. 1-2 -The pupil efforts to province a focussed job or research inquiry. – The method suggested is uncomplete. -The pupil suggests simplistic betterments. 3-4 – The pupil states a focussed job or research inquiry and makes a hypothesis but does non explicate it utilizing scientific logical thinking. -The pupil selects appropriate stuffs and equipment and writes a largely complete method, adverting some of the variables involved and how to pull strings them. -The pupil makes remarks on the method, or the accuracy/precision of the informations. -The pupil remarks on the cogency of the hypothesis based on the result of the probe. -The pupil suggests some betterments to the method or makes suggestions for farther enquiry when relevant. 5-6 -The pupil states a clear focused job or research inquiry, formulates a testable hypothesis and explains the hypothesis utilizing scientific logical thinking. – The pupil selects appropriate stuffs and equipment and writes a clear, logical method, adverting all of the relevant variables involved and how to command and pull strings them, and depicting how the information will be collected and processed. – The pupil makes remarks on the method, and the truth and preciseness of the informations. -The pupil makes remarks on the how the hypothesis is supported or non by the data/outcome of the probe. -The pupil suggests realistic betterments to the method and makes suggestions for farther enquiry when relevant. Criterion E – Processing Datas: This nonsubjective refers to enabling pupils to roll up, procedure and construe sufficient qualitative and/or quantitative informations to pull appropriate decisions. Students are expected to develop analytical thought accomplishments to construe informations and justice the dependability of the informations. At the terminal of the class, pupils should be able to: aˆ? collect and record informations utilizing units of measuring as and when appropriate aˆ? organize, transform and present informations utilizing numerical and ocular signifiers aˆ? analyze and construe informations aˆ? draw decisions consistent with the informations and supported by scientific logical thinking. Achievement degree Form 0 The pupil does non make a standard described by any of the forms below. 1-2 -The pupil collects some informations and efforts to enter it in a suited format. -The pupil organizes and nowadayss informations utilizing simple numerical or ocular signifiers. -The pupil efforts to place a tendency, form or relationship in the information. -The pupil efforts to pull a decision but this is non consistent with the reading of the informations. 3-4 -The pupil collects sufficient relevant informations and records it in a suited format. -The pupil organizes, transforms and nowadayss informations in numerical and/or ocular signifiers, with a few mistakes or skips. -The pupil states a tendency, form or relationship shown in the information. -The pupil draws a decision consistent with the reading of the informations. 5-6 – The pupil collects sufficient relevant informations and records it in a suited format. – The pupil organizes, transforms and nowadayss informations in numerical and/or ocular signifiers logically and right. -The pupil describes a tendency, form or relationship in the informations and uses the informations to convey meaningful information. -The pupil draws a clear decision based on the right reading of the informations and explains it utilizing scientific logical thinking. -Numerical signifiers: may include mathematical computations such as averaging, or finding values from a graph or tabular array. Criterion F – Attitude IN SCIENCE: This nonsubjective refers to encouraging pupils to develop safe, responsible and collaborative working patterns in practical scientific discipline. During the class, pupils should be able to: aˆ? work safely and utilize stuff and equipment aptly aˆ? work responsibly with respects to the life and inanimate environment aˆ? work efficaciously as persons and as portion of a group by join forcesing with others. Achievement degree Form 0 The pupil does non make a standard described by any of the forms below. 1-2 -The pupil requires some counsel to work safely and some aid when utilizing stuff and equipment. -The pupil requires some counsel to work responsibly with respects to the life and inanimate environment. -When working as portion of a group, the pupil needs frequent reminders to cooperate with others. 3-4 -The pupil requires small counsel to work safely and small aid when utilizing stuff and equipment. .-The pupil works responsibly with respects to the life and inanimate environment. – When working as portion of a group the pupil cooperates with others on most occasions. 5-6 -The pupil requires no counsel to work safely and uses stuff and equipment aptly. -The pupil works responsibly with respects to the life and inanimate environment. -When working as portion of a group, the pupil cooperates with others. Student Teacher 0 0 . The pupil does non make a standard described by any of the forms below. 1 – 2 1 – 2 . The pupil requires some counsel to work safely and some aid when utilizing stuff and equipment. . The pupil requires some counsel to work responsibly with respects to the life and inanimate environment. . When working as portion of a group, the pupil needs frequent reminders to cooperate with others. 3 – 4 3 – 4 . The pupil requires small counsel to work safely and small aid when utilizing stuff and equipment. . The pupil works responsibly with respects to the life and inanimate environment. . When working as portion of a group the pupil cooperates with others on most occasions. 5 – 6 5 – 6 . The pupil requires no counsel to work safely and uses stuff and equipment aptly. . The pupil works responsibly with respects to the life and inanimate environment. . When working as portion of a group, the pupil cooperates with others.