Film review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Film review - Essay Example In 2012 the film won prize in the nomination for best director in Sundance and was nominated for â€Å"Oscar† as best feature-length documentary. The documentary film starts with acquaintance with the narrator Emad Burnat, who experienced many events in his life, which he could name a â€Å"hot flame†. His life once became a mix of hope and pain. He made this film to â€Å"hold onto the memories† (â€Å"Five Broken Cameras†). For these purpose he had five cameras of different size. Each camera was filming one episode of Emad`s life. He was born in Bil`in – a village surrounded by hills - and spent all his life there. In childhood he used to work the land with his strict father and, like all urchins, he was not in delight of such activity. He wanted to walk with friend in the open valleys. Once he saw the Israeli survivors, which came to build a protecting wall in the middle of his family land, and his life changed. The first days after bulldozers arrival seemed hard for him. However, Emad has happy memories from this time too – his fourth son was born. The narrator bought his first camera for this occasion. We see the episode, how Emad is filming his family, his elder sons. Emad says that each of his boys was â€Å"a phase† in his and his wife`s lives and â€Å"each boy experienced a different childhood† (â€Å"Five Broken Cameras†). He notices his first son was born in 1995 â€Å"in the time of hope after The Oslo Peace Accords†. The urbanization came closer and closer during the childhood of Emad and the birth of Gibreel, his fourth son. This process was taken more and more territory for the purpose of movement of Israeli settlers. The newest settlement rapidly doubled its population, it took only five years for this and the barrier was finished to separate the settlers. The following minute we hear the sound of gun. â€Å"Soldiers are in the village†, says Emad`s wife (â€Å"Five Broken

Admissibility of Confessions

Admissibility of Confessions Discuss a challenge to the admissibility of confessions on the basis of oppression seems to require a high degree of police impropriety thus will rarely be established. Confessions made during questioning are seen as powerful indications of guilt and characteristically lead to conviction; 98% of cases in which suspects confess result either in a guilty plea or a conviction following trial.   As such, legal representatives of suspects who have confessed are unlikely to secure acquittal unless the confession is excluded from the evidence before the court.   Issues of inadmissibility are determined prior to trial in both magistrates’ and Crown courts and must be based on sections 76 or 78 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE). Section 76 of PACE concerns the admissibility of potentially unreliable confession evidence in criminal proceedings and section 76(2) states that confession evidence is inadmissible if it was obtained by oppression or in circumstances that are likely to make it unreliable.   Section 76(8) defines ‘oppression’ as including ‘torture, inhuman or degrading treatment, and the use or threat of violence’. The courts have required high degrees of impropriety by the police before ruling confessions inadmissible due to oppression.   One such case was the Cardiff Three who were convicted of murder on the basis of the confession of one suspect, Stephen Miller, after protracted periods of police questioning described by the Court of Appeal as ‘hostile and intimidating’.   Given the severity of wrongdoing required before the courts will find that oppression induced the confession and moves towards less aggressive questioning techniques by the police, it is difficult to use section 76(2)(a) to exclude a confession. The ground identified in section 76(2)(b) is more fertile for rendering confessions inadmissible as the courts have identified a range of procedural failures that will be regarded as ‘circumstances likely to make a confession unreliable’.   Any breach of the rules concerning the questioning of suspects will form the basis of a challenge to the admissibility of a confession, even genuine confessions of guilt.   As such, procedural failures concerning the location, timing, duration and recording of an interview will potentially render any confession inadmissible under section 76(2)(b) as will failure to caution.   As research suggests that 10% of police interviews are conducted in breach of PACE requirements, close scrutiny of the behaviour of the police may elicit a basis for the exclusion of a confession if mistakes have been made or liberties taken with the procedural rules.   This also includes situations in which the suspect is offered an inducement such as th e promise of bail in return for a confession.   Care must be taken in asserting such a ground as the basis for the exclusion of a confession as research indicates that such inducements are may be difficult to prove and the courts have taken the view that ‘very few confessions are inspired solely by remorse’ so that other motives such as the desire to be released on bail or the hope of a lighter sentence cannot be used to exclude confessions unless there is clear evidence of misconduct on the part of the police despite evidence that suspects may confess for a variety of reasons other than guilt such as desperation to expedite release to obtain drugs if they are addicts or to protect others. Section 78 confers discretion upon the court to exclude any evidence, including confessions, if reliance upon it would lead to unfairness to the suspect.   Given the emphasis on procedural failures in section 76(2)(b), there is inevitably a fair degree of overlap between these two sections as breaches of PACE as the basis for the exclusion of evidence on the basis of unfairness under section 78.   As such, procedural failures give rise to a dual basis for an attack on the admissiblity of confession evidence.   However, section 78 goes beyond procedural rights and deals with broader issues of fairness so provides a basis upon which an unfairly obtained confession could be rendered inadmissible.   For example, a confession made following a deceptive statement by the police that the suspect’s fingerprints had been found at the scene of the crime was excluded on the basis that it was unfairly obtained although confessions made to other prisoners in a bugged cell were not e xcluded although the practice was heavily criticised by the courts. Both magistrates (in magistrates’ courts) and judges (in Crown courts) have the power to exclude confession evidence as inadmissible on the basis of section 76 and 78.   The question of admissibility of evidence will be determined at a separate hearing to ensure that evidentiary matters are resolved prior to the commencement of the trial.   Section 8A of the Magistrates Court Act 1980 empowers a magistrates’ court to rule on the admissibility of any evidence at a pre-trial hearing if both the prosecution and defence have been given an opportunity to make representations on the issue.   At Crown Court, the matter of admissibility will be resolved by a voire dire, a trial within a trial in the absence of the jury, to determine whether the confession can be relied upon as evidence.   Once the issue of inadmissibility has been raised by the defence, the onus is on the prosecution to establish that the grounds of exclusion under section 76 and 78 are not established.    Overall, a challenge to the admissibility of confessions on the basis of oppression seems to require a high degree of police impropriety thus will rarely be established.   The procedural grounds raised by section 76(2)(b) provide a more viable basis for challenge and, since the incorporation into domestic law of the rights guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights, the emphasis on fairness in section 78, which raises the right to a fair trial guaranteed by Article 6, may also be a sound basis upon which to challenge the admissibility of a confession.   However, it is important to remember that the court may be reluctant to exclude confession evidence, particularly if the procedural breach is insignificant in relation to the severity of the offence thus satisfying the statutory requirements is not a guarantee that the confession will be excluded especially in relation to serious crimes such as rape and murder. Case List R v. Bailey [1993] 3 All ER 513 R v. Crampton (1991) 92 Cr App R 369R v. Fulling [1987] 2 All ER 65R v. Mason [1988] 1 WLR 139R v. Paris, Abdullahi and Miller (1992) 97 Cr App R 99R v. Roberts [1997] 1 Cr App R 217 Bibliography Baldwin, J., ‘Police Interview Techniques: Establishing Truth or Proof?’ (1993) British Journal of Criminology 325 Clarke, C. and Milne, R., (2001) National Evaluation of the PEACE Investigative Interviewing Course, London: Home Office Davies, M., (2005) An Introduction to the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales, Harlow: Longman Publishing Dennis, I., (2002) The Law of Evidence, London: Sweet Maxwell Hunter, M., ‘Judicial Discretion: Section 78 in Practice’ [1994] Criminal Law Review 558 Maguire, M., Morgan, R. and Reiner, R., (2002) Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 3rd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press May, R., ‘Fair Play at Trial: an Interim Assessment of Section 78 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984’ [1988] Criminal Law Review 723 McConville, M., (1993) Corroboration and Confessions: the Impact of a Rule Requiring that No Conviction Can Be Sustained on the Basis of Confession Evidence Alone, London: The Stationery Office Sprack, J., (2004) A Practical Approach to Criminal Procedure, 10th ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press

Martin The Warrior :: essays research papers

Martin In a time of danger A time of hunger The mouse was a stranger The mouse was strong He showed the cats With help from some bats How to behave He showed his pain, anger, and strife The creatures were thankful As a matter of fact He was honored for not only a life But for many years to come The novel, Martin the Warrior by Brian Jacques, is a book about a young mouse warrior named Martin, son of Luke the Warrior, a mouse that fought sea rats, One day, after the murder of most of his tribe (including his wife), Luke set sail to have his revenge against Vilu Daskar, the stoat pirate responsible for the massacre. Before he left, he gave Martin his sword, which had been handed down through their family since Luke's own grandsire lived.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book is about how Martin travels through a land full of moles, squirrels, and other woodland creatures which talk and walk upright. Martin goes around meeting creatures from all different lands and asks them to join his army to fight a tyrant who is keeping slaves in his fort, Marshank. The plot of this book is how Martin and his friends fight the tyrant, Badrang, to free slaves. The main idea of the book is how and why Martin and his army fight the tyrant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Martin was captured as a slave for Badrang the Tyrant, he was furious. Not only did the evil rat steal his father's sword, he beat and mistreated all of the slaves horribly! Devising a plan, Martin frees himself and two of his friends from the Marshank, the slave camp: Brome the mouse and Felldoh the squirrel. Brome's sister, Laterose (Rose for short) and her companion Grumm the mole all set out with Martin and his friends to go get help from their hometown of Noonvale. Unfortunately, due to the sea's conditions, Martin, Rose, and Grumm get separated from Brome and Felldoh. The two strings of the story carry on and tie together at the end: Martin's group eventually reaches Noonvale, where he returns to Badrang to get his revenge, and Brome and Felldoh join the Rambling Rosehip Players, a bunch of happy-go-lucky animals that made the hardships less hard, and also get to the slave camp. The ending is tragic, and whenever I read it I get depressed. Martin, in th e end, retrieves his sword from Badrang, and succeeds in killing him, but Rose, who he has become very much attached to, tries to help Martin in killing Badrang, but only ends up getting killed by him herself.

Video game

The rise of personal computers in the mid 1980s spurred interest in computer games. This caused a crash in home Video game market. Interest in Video games was rekindled when a number of different companies developed hardware consoles that provided graphics superior to the capabilities of computer games. By 1990, the Nintendo Entertainment System dominated the product category. Sega surpassed Nintendo when it introduced its Genesis System. By 1993, Sega commanded almost 60 per cent of Video game market and was one of the most recognized brand names among the children. Sega’s success was short lived. In 1995, Saturn (a division of General Motors) launched a new 32-bit system. The product was a miserable failure for a number of reasons. Sega was the primary software developer for Saturn and it did not support efforts by outside game developers to design compatible games. In addition, Sega’s games were often delivered quite late to retailers. Finally, the price of the Saturn system was greater than other comparable game consoles. This situation of Saturn’s misstep benefited Nintendo and Sony greatly. Sony’s Play Station was unveiled in 1994 and was available in 70 million homes worldwide by the end of 1999. Its â€Å"Open design† encouraged the efforts of o utside developers, resulting in almost 3,000 different games that were compatible with the PlayStation. It too featured 32-bit graphics that appealed to older audience. As a result, at one time, more than 30 per cent of PlayStation owners were over 30 years old. Nintendo 64 was introduced in 1996 and had eye-popping 64-bit graphics and entered in more than 28 million homes by 1999. Its primary users were between the age of 6 and 13 as a result of Nintendo’s efforts to limit the amount of violent and adult-oriented material featured on games that can be played on its systems. Because the company exercised considerable control over software development, Nintendo 64 had only one-tenth the number of compatible games as Sony’s PlayStation did. By 1999, Sony had captured 56 per cent of the video game market, followed by Nintendo with 42 per cent. Sega’s share had fallen to a low of 1%. Hence, Sega had two options, either to concede defeat or introduce an innovative video machine that would bring in huge sales. And Sega had to do so before either Nintendo or Sony could bring their next-generation console to market. The Sega Dreamcast arrived in stores in September 1999 with an initial price tag of $199. Anxious gamers placed 300,000 advance orders, and initial sales were quite encouraging. A total of 1. 5 million Dreamcast machines were bought within the first four months, and initial reviews were positive. The 128-bit system was capable of generating 3-D visuals, and 40 different games were available within three months of Dream cast’s introduction. By the end of the year, Sega had captured a market share to 15 per cent. But the Dreamcast could not sustain its momentum. Although its game capabilities were impressive, the system did not deliver all the functionality Sega had promised. A 56K modem (which used a home phone line) and a Web browser were meant to allow access to the Internet so that gamers could play each other online, surf the Web, and visit the Dreamcast Network for product information and playing tips. Unfortunately, these features either were not immediately available or were disappointing in their execution. Sega was not the only one in having the strategy of adding functionality beyond games. Sony and Nintendo followed the same approach for their machines introduced in 1999. Both Nintendo’s Neptune and Sony’s PlayStation 2 (PS2) were built on a DVD platform and featured a 128-bit processor. Analysts applauded the move to DVD because it is less expensive to produce and allows more storage than CDs. It also gives buyers the ability to use the machine as CD music player and DVD movie player. As Sony marketing director commented, â€Å"The full entertainment offering from Pl ay Station 2 definitely appeals to a much broader audience. I have friends in their 30s who bought it not only because it’s a gaming system for their kids, but also a DVD for them. † In addition, PlayStation 2 is able to play games developed for its earlier model that was CD-based. This gives the PS2 an enormous advantage in the number of compatible game titles that were immediately available to gamers. Further enhancing the PS2’s appeal is its high-speed modem and allows the user’s easy access to the Internet through digital cable as well as over telephone lines. This gives Sony the ability to distribute movies, music, and games directly to PS2 consoles. We are positioning this as an all-round entertainment player,† commented Ken Kutaragi, the head of Sony Computer Entertainment. However, some prospective customers were put off by the console’s initial price of $360. Shortly after the introduction of Neptune, Nintendo changed its strategies and announced the impending release of its newest game console, The GameCube. However, unlike the Neptune, the GameCube would not run on a DVD platform and also would not initially offer any online capabilities. It would be more attractively priced at $199. A marketing vice president for Nintendo explained the company’s change in direction, â€Å"We are the only com petitor whose business is video games. We want to create the best gaming system. † Nintendo also made the GameCube friendly for outside developers and started adding games that included sports titles to attract an older audience. Best known for its extra ordinary successes with games aimed at the younger set, such as Donkey Kong, Super Mario Bros, and Pokemon, Nintendo sought to attract older users, especially because the average video game player is 28. Youthful Nintendo users were particularly pleased to hear that they could use their handheld Game Boy Advance systems as controllers for the GameCube. Nintendo scrambled to ensure there would be an adequate supply of Game Cubes on the date in November 2001, when they were scheduled to be available to customers. It also budgeted $450 million to market its new product, as it anticipated stiff competition during the holiday shopping season. With more than 20 million PlayStation 2 sold worldwide, the GameCube as a new entry in the video game market would make the battle for market share even more intense. For almost a decade, the video game industry had only Sega, Nintendo, and Sony; just three players. Because of strong brand loyalty and high product development costs, newcomers faced a daunting task in entering this race and being competitive. In November 2001, Microsoft began selling its new Xbox, just three days before the GameCube made its debut. Some observers felt the Xbox was aimed to rival PlayStation 2, which has similar functions that rival Microsoft’s Web TV system and even some lower level PCs. Like the Sony’s PlayStation 2, Xbox was also built using a DVD platform, but it used an Intel processor in its construction. This open design allowed Microsoft to develop the Xbox in just two years, and gave developers the option of using standard PC tool for creating compatible games. In addition, Microsoft also sought the advice of successful game developers and even incorporated some of their feedback into the design of the console and its controllers. As a result of developers’ efforts, Microsoft had about 20 games ready when the Xbox became available. By contrast, the GameCube had only eight games available. Microsoft online strategy was another feature that differentiated of the Xbox from the GameCube. Whereas Nintendo had no immediate plans for Web-based play, the Xbox came equipped with an Ethernet port for broadband access to Internet. Microsoft also announced its own Web-based network on which gamers can come together for online head-to head play and for organised online matches and tournaments. Subscribers to this service were to pay a small monthly fee and must have high-speed access to the Internet. This is a potential drawback considering that a very low percentage of households world over currently have broadband connections. By contrast Sony promoted an open network, which allows software developers to manage their own games, including associated fees charged to users. However, interested players must purchase a network adapter for an additional $39. 99. Although game companies are not keen on the prospect of submitting to the control of a Microsoft-controlled network, it would require a significant investment for them to manage their own service on the Sony-based network. Initially the price of Microsoft’s X box was $299. Prior to the introduction of Xbox, in a competitive move Sony dropped the price of the PlayStation 2 to $299. Nintendo’s GameCube already enjoyed a significant price advantage, as it was selling for $100 less than either Microsoft or Sony products. Gamers eagerly snapped up the new consoles and made 2001 the best year ever for video game sales. For the first time, consumers spent $9. 4 billion on video game equipment, which was more than they did at the box office. By the end of 2001 holiday season, 6. million PlayStation 2 consoles had been sold in North America alone, followed by 1. 5 million Xbox units and 1. 2 million Game Cubes. What ensued was an all out price war. This started when Sony decided to put even more pressure on the Microsoft’s Xbox by cutting the PlayStation 2 price to $199. Microsoft quickly matched that price. Wanting to maintain its low-price status, Nintendo in turn responded by reducing the price of its the GameCube by $50, to $149. By mid 2002, Microsoft Xbox had sold between 3. 5 and 4 million units worldwide. However, Nintendo had surpassed Xbox sales by selling 4. million Game Cubes. Sony had the benefit of healthy head start, and had shipped 32 million PlayStation 2s. However, seven years after the introduction of original PlayStation, it was being sold in retail outlets for a mere $49. It had a significant lead in terms of numbers of units in homes around the world with a 43 per cent share. Nintendo 64 was second with 30 per cent, followed by Sony PlayStation 2 with 14 per cent. The Xbox and GameCube each claimed about 3 per cent of the market, with Sega Dreamcast comprising the last and least market share of 4. 7 per cent. Sega, once an industry leader, announced in 2001 that it had decided to stop producing the Dreamcast and other video game hardware components. The company said it would develop games for its competitors’ consoles. Thus Sega slashed the price of the Dreamcast to just $99 in an effort to liquidate its piled up inventory of more than 2 million units and immediately began developing 11 new games for the Xbox, four for PlayStation 2, and three for Nintendo’s Game Boy Advance. As the prices of video game consoles have dropped, consoles and games have become the equivalent of razors and blades. This means the consoles generate little if any profit, but the games are a highly profitable proposition. The profit margins on games are highly attractive, affected to some degree by whether the content is developed by the console maker (such as Sony) or by an independent game publisher (such as Electronic Arts). Thus, the competition to develop appealing, or perhaps even addictive, games may be even more intense than the battle among players to produce the best console. In particular, Nintendo, Sony, and Microsoft want games that are exclusive to their own systems. With that in mind, they not only rely on large in-house staffs that design games but they also pay added fees to independent publishers for exclusive rights to new games. The sales of video games in 2001 rose to 43 per cent, compared to just 4 per cent increase for computer-based games. But computer game players are believed to be a loyal bunch, as they see many advantages in playing games on their computers rather than consoles. For one thing, they have a big advantage of having access to a mouse and a keyboard that allow them to play far more sophisticated games. In addition, they have been utilizing the Internet for years to receive game updates and modifications and to play each other over the Web. Sony and Microsoft are intent on capturing a portion of the online gaming opportunity. Even Nintendo has decided to make available a modem that will allow GameCube users to play online. As prices continue to fall and technology becomes increasingly more sophisticated, it remains to be seen whether these three companies can keep their names on the industry’s list of â€Å"hig h scorers†.

Failure of Reconstruction

Failure of Reconstruction Reconstruction is defined as a thing that has been rebuilt after being damaged or destroyed. Following the civil war the South was very much damaged both physically and emotionally. The radical republicans tried to reshape the south for their own benefit which was unsuccessful across the board for many reasons. Ultimately reconstruction failed to accomplish the goals of the free blacks and radical republicans because the radicals wanted a hard reconstruction of the south that was unrealistic because it neglected the life goals of the newly freed African Americans.Once the thirteenth amendment ended slavery the newly freed blacks of the south had some important goals in mind. In the source â€Å"Jourdon Anderson, Letter To P. H. Anderson† Jourdon discusses his objectives as a free man which included the wages he earned working for his former master, education and protection of his children, and to be treated with respect ( Reading, 159). It was not jus t Jordon who wished these things; all of the newly freed blacks were seeking these goals and other goals as well.Even though the radical republicans strongly opposed slavery, their goals during reconstruction did not exactly support the black’s goals. Radical republicans aimed for a hard reconstruction of the south that would erase the gross inequalities in wealth created by slavery. They believed the best way to accomplish this was by dividing up the land in the south. Taking the land away from the rebels and selling it to the freedmen. Radicals firmly believed the property of the rebels should pay for the national debt caused by the Civil War (Reading, 161). The southerners did not support this idea whatsoever.They are extremely angry with Thaddeus Stevens for wanting to divide up their land, land that has been in their families for generations, and give that land to black people (Reading, 161). Southerners tried to recruit former slaves back to their farms in order to keep a small part of slavery existing (Reading, 159). Ultimately the white southerners wanted to establish white supremacy. They did so with violence, enlisting fear in the blacks and interracial couples by lynching (Reading, 169). Georges Clemencau was a French physician and journalist, covered Washington politics for a French newspaper.In the source â€Å"U. S. Senate, Reports On ‘Outrages Committed By Disloyal Persons’† Clemencau talks about the double standard the U. S. government has for military and civil heads of the Confederate government. He talks about how the whites forcefully get what they want in any way they want weather it’s unconstitutional or not (Reading, 167). The goals of the radical republicans revolved around making the southerners pay for the war damages, giving blacks a chance to be free people, and eliminating the vas variations in wealth among the slave owners.While these goals seam realistic, the extent in which the radical republica ns wanted them done was not. As well as these goals could not be completed without support from others, and the white southerners did not support these goals. The free blacks reinforced these goals, but they were not at the top of their list of goals following the abolition of slavery. Thusly causing reconstruction to fail for lack of support and the vast amount of sacrifice they demanded from the southerners.

Guide on Leadership Research Paper Writing at the Best Possible Level

Guide on Leadership Research Paper Writing at the Best Possible Level Leadership is one of the most compound disciplines that holds a variety of aspects to research. It is no wonder that you’re asked to research exactly this field of study. Depending on the interest or need, a leadership research paper can represent a study of theories, styles of leadership or approaches to its development. The purpose of the research paper is to identify the topical factors impacting the understanding of the selected concept. Therefore, to succeed in completing research, it is necessary to use empirical and up-to-date sources, having strong metrics of issuing own variables and hypothesis. Research on leadership can represent an overview of theoretical frameworks or identification of new approaches supported by the valid research data. Writing a leadership research paper requires strong organizational and substantial analytical work that will be simplified if you read this guide to the end. How to Choose a Topic for a Leadership Research Paper? The choice of topic for leadership research paper writing depends on the concept you want to focus on. For instance, it is possible to: Examine the application of leadership theories to a particular setting, Compare the appropriate leadership styles of two prominent leaders, Identify the limitation of an approach to leadership, Develop a system of adapting direction to the different setting, and others. Therefore, to construct valid arguments, it is essential to primarily identify the most exciting and under-researched parts of the leadership field. The following topics represent the accurate examples of a leadership research paper topic: Transformational Leadership; Contrast and Comparison of Leadership Styles; Gender Differences in Leadership; Leadership Ethics; Servant Leadership. The broader topic can be specified based on your research needs. For instance, you can advance the issue by incorporating details about the specific research features. When researching leadership ethics of a company, you can add its name to the topic. Therefore, you will be limited to examining information connected directly to the firm. How to Research the Topic? Once you select the topic for your research, it is time to start the research process itself. There are several ways of integrating gradually into the research of the subject starting from the identification of online publication relevant to the concept to scheduling an appointment at the library, identifying the books that will support the research. Before doing research subjected directly to the topic, it is necessary to understand the overall definition of leadership. In the Business Dictionary, it is an activity exercised by a group of people who provide a strategy of unification through the communication of vision and coordination of work to its achievement. The means of organization can vary depending on the style of the leader or the chosen theory of leadership applied to the setting. Online Databases Available for You Today Nowadays, you may say, â€Å"Research is simpler and more convenient than ever before.† To study the assigned or exciting topic, you can type in a search engine the name of the concept and read everything related to it. But is all that information reliable? Let’s focus on reliable databases. If the websites of online databases are correctly structured, the search itself is convenient to navigate, set bookmarks and highlight the key ideas. Further, you would not doubt whether the source is credible, as such databases include only scholarly sources. The examples below are the proper online sources for a leadership research paper. SpringerLink. Read the article Leadership: Philosophical Perspectives and Qualitative Analysis of Ethics to find out more about ethics applied to leadership. Google Books. Read the Harvard Business Review on the leadership that gets results or the spiritual leadership. Wiley Online Library. Read about the entrepreneurial imperatives of strategic leadership. However, apart from such resources, other databases require a fee for access. Therefore, to avoid paying the additional price for information, you can turn to the university library for more information. Choosing research in the library setting is more challenging. However, libraries often cooperate with databases such as EBSCO that provide more information with the convenient navigation. Moreover, in the library, you can find books, apart from journals that offer an in-depth analysis of the literature issuing results of significant studies along with the reports. Therefore, by integrating such sources into the research paper, the quality and credibility of your writing would improve drastically. To simplify the process of research in the library, take notes that would hold the key aspects of the book or research for you to use in the further writing process. How to Choose Sources for a References List? The choice of sources is an entangled process that demands experience and practice. However, the critical advice on choosing a reference is by assessing its relevance to the selected topic. It would not harm to read a book or research that may not be directly subjected to your research paper. In fact, it would broaden your understanding of the concept. You should set a goal of using only scholarly sources. The credibility of the authors should not be a matter of bias. Furthermore, the empirical studies would be of greater use to the research paper, as the validity of the conclusions would be supported by an actual investigation that supports the theory. In fact, it can serve as a platform for ideas to your research of the argument. The draft of an annotated bibliography for each source is the most useful mean of simplifying the further writing process. The advantages of an annotated bibliography range from remembering the usability of each source to the identification of argument that each reference would enhance into the further leadership research paper. A helpful annotated bibliography consists of the following parts. Identifications of the authors; Type of study; Support of the source’s credibility; Purpose of the study; Summary of the main points; Relevance to your research paper; Identification of the useful content. Moreover, a completed reference follows each annotation of the source by which you simplify the further construction of the bibliography. Therefore, such step is an essential means of coping with the process and streamline the research. How to Structure an Outline of a Research Paper? Ask Our Writers The writing process should start with an outline. A basic overview consists of the introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. However, in a leadership research paper, it is essential to extend the outline to include more specific points. For instance, an excellent research outline will consist of the following points. Title; Introduction: hook and background; Thesis statement; Body paragraphs with supporting ideas and details; Conclusion; References; Appendix if necessary. As a result, the identification of each part in the research paper structure enables to draft a correct paper. An outline is the first step in the process of putting the researched information into the piece of writing. Therefore, it is significant to focus on its quality, logical flow of ideas and credible supporting details. A helpful hint for work on the leadership research paper is to organize the information visually. For example, take notes on your computer, put title with a separate color to each source. Separate the screen into parts to see the entire outline when constructing it. By visualizing your data and understanding the flow of ideas, the further process of filling the structure with information will be convenient and enjoyable. Title Completing A leadership research paper title depends directly on the choice of the topic. However, in contrast to the subject, a title is a specific set of researched aspects. For instance, when identifying the leadership style of a corporation, the title would hold the name of the firm. Further, a title implies shortened visualization of the thesis statement. Therefore, it should keep the fundamental idea of the research paper without referring to the supporting arguments and peculiarity of the topic. Writing an Analytical Research Paper on Leadership The target audience of the research and the scope of the assignment determine its type. It could be argumentative, persuasive, analytical, or other. However, the most common form of the preferred research paper on leadership refers to analytical writing. For example, to provide such texts, it is essential to issue an objective overview of facts. The title should direct the choice of supporting ideas. However, you should also include the limitations of the chosen aspect of leadership. For instance, when writing about transformational leadership, you can refer to the means of enhancing such leadership through the practice of proactive, cautious behavior. Further, proceed with the identification of the common weaknesses that transformational leaders share, such as the lack of self-control and persistent cautiousness to issue the most suitable choices based on the Harvard Business Review. As a result, you will provide an objective overview of every aspect of the topic making the research objective. Abstract and Introduction Writing A research paper commonly starts with an abstract. In a leadership research paper, an abstract would include an overview of the purpose of the article, the main points and the summary of the results. An outline is a short overview of the critical arguments in the research. It does not require referencing or explanation of the relevance of the topic to the scientific discourse. Writing an introduction after completing the central part of the research will simplify the process of identifying the critical points in the description. In a leadership research paper, an introduction reveals everything that the readers will learn from the article. Therefore, it is essential to elaborate on each argument and finalize the structure before writing an introduction. Thesis Statement Writing A thesis statement is the most crucial part of the leadership research paper. It determines the strengths of the writer, the quality of the text and the relevance of the research. Therefore, working on the thesis statement should be an effort derived from thorough knowledge of the topic, attention to the arguments to use in the text and identification of the main parts of the thesis sentence. These are the examples of a poorly constructed thesis statements for a leadership research paper. We need good leaders to lead. Servant leadership does not work. An exercise of democratic leadership style makes the world better. The reason for each of the mentioned above thesis statements being poor includes the lack of supporting ideas, the ambiguous writing style, and elusive concepts. The final pre-writing suggestion is to finalize the structure of the leadership research paper. The importance of such a step refers to the integration of all ideas into a single outline, without having to conduct additional research. It is a time-efficient mean of handling the writing process well. For instance, when finalizing to evaluate whether the ideas are reasonable to support the literature with the valid and logical flow of information accurately. Assess the correspondence of the thesis statement with the arguments of the outline. As a result, you will have a complete understanding of everything that is further necessary to start writing and complete such a task on time. Body Paragraphs Writing A research paper is not limited to a certain number of body paragraphs. It could range from five to ten paragraphs, each holding a specific idea to enhance the research. When you work on the annotated bibliography, you identify the relevance of each source to the future outline. At the stage of writing the body paragraphs, utilize the annotations an insert the main information into the framework. Thus, you will state the main idea and support it with the conducted scholarly research information. If you choose to incorporate your research into the paper, include the description of methods, finding and results. The standard ending paragraph would refer to the discussion of research results. However, if your research paper on leadership is theoretical, then you can omit such sections and adapt it to your needs. Conclusion Writing The importance of the conclusion part refers to the identification of all points mentioned throughout the research. However, it is vital to address only the central ideas providing an overview of the most appealing and critical arguments. You should avoid incorporating new insights into a conclusion. Therefore, it should not hold references, further supporting details of the research or personal opinion. The great ending will enable the reader to understand the purpose, tools, and organization of the research paper. Moreover, it would be useful to add the relevance of the conducted research to the future examination of the topic and its contribution to the discourse of leadership field. How to Edit and Proofread? The final part of the writing implies editing and proofreading the research paper. When correcting, it is significant to mind the names, numbers, and any data inserted in the text. It is the double-check of the credibility of each argument, the grammatical accuracy of the writing and spelling check. To edit the research, follow the guidelines of the analytical style of writing. Avoid compound sentences and add the smooth transition from one idea to the next. While it may seem that reading the research several times is an unnecessary step, the benefits are tenfold. You will be confident that the leadership research paper is done by the guidelines, being easy to read and understand. Referencing The research paper should always have a list of references used in across the text. As you have previously worked on an annotated bibliography, it would simple for you to insert each source into a list. Making a list in alphabetical order is essential. Moreover, depending on the purpose of the research paper, the formatting of the referencing list can be different. There are such styles as APA, Harvard, MLA, Chicago, Turabian, and others. The differences refer to the way the citation reveals the information about the sources. For instance, in an MLA reference the full name of the authors is necessary, while in an APA one, only the last name would be enough. Consider all the leadership research paper writing prompts before starting the writing process. Research of leadership can be enjoyable and exciting, once you learn to manage each point relevant to a useful leadership paper.

George W. Bush During Afghanistan’s War on Terror Political Analysis Based on Donna H. Kerr Essay Example

George W. Bush During Afghanistan’s War on Terror Political Analysis Based on Donna H. Kerr Essay Example George W. Bush During Afghanistan’s War on Terror Political Analysis Based on Donna H. Kerr Essay George W. Bush During Afghanistan’s War on Terror Political Analysis Based on Donna H. Kerr Essay ALFONSO OTERO MIRELES 938394 FOREING POLICY George W. Bush during Afghanistan’s War on Terror POLITICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON DONNA H. KERR The term War on Terror refers to an ongoing, worldwide campaign against terrorism led by the United States and supported by several other countries, most notoriously England and members of NATO. The term was first used under George W. Bush’s administration following the September 11, 2001 attacks against the United States, where 2996 people lost their lives and more than 6000 others were injured. Within months after the 9/11 attacks, the US sent troops to Afghanistan because this was believed to be the operational base for Al-Qaeda, at the same time the US looked to dethrone the Taliban regime and ‘’Bring Democracy’’ to this middle eastern country. Two years after the occupation, and without yet finding Bin Laden, the US embarks in yet another military invasion, this time against Iraq. This War on Terror has been worldwide known as the Bush War, due to his effusive support and controversy. The implementing agent during Afghanistan’s war is without a doubt the Bush administration, they are the ones who started it, developed it and spent the most money on implementing the war. The authorizing agent in this situation would arguably be the United Nations because According to the UN’s rules, The US had to get approval from the UN’s Security Council in order to go ahead with the wars. In the case of Afghanistan, the UN accepted the occupancy, backing up their decision with the consent of most members plus an official report that stated that around 70% of deaths in this country were caused by the Taliban regime. : The Conditional Imperative was the danger that Middle-Eastern Terrorist groups represent for the United States and the world and how nobody, not even the United States was safe from another possible attack. The recurring conditions of post-traumatic fear and terrorism fobia became a part of the everyday life of the average North American; the constant news reports on violence in some Middle Eastern countries was also a condition that needed to be ‘’fixed’’ by the US’s democracy Since its start the United States has maintained itself stable in ll of his policies regarding Afghanistan, they have indeed substituted policies in Iraq (after leaving the country) but as to Afghanistan they have only talked and promised to change it, but up until this day there has been not a notorious substitution of policies. All important declaration were made publicly, virtually everyone in the world was aware of the US’s decision of invading Afghanistan, and most of Bush’s declarations towards the topic. Of course the relevant public in this case would be the US’s government and population, the UK’s government and population and any other country that supported or was against the war, also the United Nations council and of course and Afghanistan’s entire population and ruling powers. GEORGE W. BUSH PERFORMANCE DURING IRAQ’s WAR Bush’s administration decided to go ahead and send troops to Iraq in 2003. With a similar approach as in Afghanistan, the occupation was led by George W. Bush and supported mainly by the UK. The main reasons where the belief that the Iraqi government was harboring weapons of mass destruction and some claims that linked Iraqi officials with terrorist group A-Qaeda. The lack of evidence of this weapons and the high costs of the two wars during times of economic instabilities led to an avalanche of national and international criticism and lack of support for the Bush administration, even though no consistent proof was (or has up to this day) been presented, George W. Bush won the following reelections and the North American troops remained officially in Iraq’s soil until December 2011. The military prescience of the US still remains in Afghanistan up-until this day. Bush’s administration main goals and objectives was primarily finding this infamous Weapons of Mass destruction, hunt down and get rid of all officials linked to Al-Qaeda, this included the nation’s leader Sadaam Hussein, who aside from being accused of crimes against humanity he was also believed to be linked to Al-Qaeda an of course to ‘’Bring Democracy’’ to this country. The UN gave Iraq one last opportunity through the resolution 1441 to come clean about the weapons of mass destruction. Iraq allowed inspectors to go and search for them. The United States blamed Iraq’s government of not being cooperative, and went ahead and used the force even though the resolution didn’t authorize the use of force even if they had been found. This is when he first option for Bush comes, he could’ve easily gone the other way and simply acccept the fact that there may not have been any secret weapons in the first place and not does anything relevant in Iraq, including not removing Sadam Hussein from power. A second option could have been accepting the UN’s statement of not using the force, admitting that there isn’t enough proof of the harboring of weapons but still destitute Hussein from power, and install a US hosted presidency. The third option would be also to dethrone Hussein, stop looking for weapons but stop not installing a US government overseas and simply let the Iraqi people decide for themselves. If Bush simply retracted from all accusations against Iraq, sent the troops back and not do anything against Hussein, there would’ve been an initial reaction of public opinion concerning mainly on Bush’s indecision and lack of consistent information. It would be hard to simply accept they were wrong and just leave. Moneywise, the costs of sending troops would still affect the economy but not as much as it did in reality, of course depending on when the decision would’ve been made. Supposing that Bush had accepted its wrongful information referring weapons of mass destruction, decided to leave the country, but not without restituting Hussein, I guess public opinion would judge this decision harsh, he would still increase public debt paying for the time of the troops in Iraq, but would maintain a high influence on this country by imposing its US funded government. I think in a utopian world, Bush should have gone with decision number 3, which meant the same as option two but without imposing its own ‘’democratic’’ government, this would appear as if the country was acting upon mere sympathy, a situation not common at all when it involves the US and wars. The Iraqi people could choose whatever form of government they wanted, which for me I think it sounds fair, it shouldn’t be up to the superpowers decide who will rule over weaker countries, but on the other hand I would suppose violence would increase, division and the local hunt for power could bring a mess of a consequence. Other countries and organizations including peace corps and the UN could also help out control the mayhem. Many theories surrounding the veracity of this accusations and the lack of overall evidence that backed up the US’s actions led to questioning over the real goals for George W. Bush in Iraq. Public opposition claimed that Bush was looking only in Iraq for oil and more power. Accoring to author John Harold Chapman of UK’s newspaper, the whole purpose behind the war was the hunt for oil and that the economic situation upon which the United States was going through justifies this answer. In his own words: Control over Iraqi oil should improve security of supplies to the US, and possibly the UK, with the development and exploration contracts between Saddam and China, France, India, Indonesia and Russia being set aside in favour of US and possibly British companies. And a US military presence in Iraq is an insurance policy against any extremists in Iran and Saudi Arabia. The prisoners dilemma represent BUSH on one hand with two options, whether to admit the lack of proof refereeing to weapons of mass destructions in Iraq, and on the other hand the percentage of his political party that supports him. Which in a way are pretending not to know about the lack of evidence and in a way ‘’hope for the other prisoner to be quiet. All assumptions are based on the hypothetically situation in which both know the weapons are a lie. 1)In one paragraph, describe and analyze the leader’s use of â€Å"cognitive shortcuts† and experience with â€Å"cognitive dissonance. † For example, the policy and culture of the Bush administration was one of war expansion, regardless of fact. They sought war and when confronted with conflicting evidence and faulty intelligence on Saddam Hussein, they went ahead and invaded anyway. Minimum paragraphs: 1 Minimum sources: 1 (excluding Neack) As to cognitive dissonance and Bush, I would say it’s a trick that he has played to the US government, he can go and invade a foreign country, in the case of Iraq, knowing that there isn’t enough proof to go and invade, both a big number or Iraqui civilians and US soldiers will lose their lives, public debt will increase, the already unstable economy will get directly affected but at the end, he uses this psychological tool to exclude and not metion the downside of going to war and just promising democracy for the needy, a ‘’greater good’’. Hurrican Katrin is also a good example of the hand-picking selection of information provided to the public regarding the delay of the help post-hurricane. Both appointments occurred under President Bush, who in 2001 also appointed two other civilians, James Roche (General Motors) and Thomas E. White (Enron), to head the Air Force and Army. William D. Hartung, Head of the Arms Trade Resource Center, challenged the appointments because he felt it was unethical to appoint businessmenwhose former companies would be the prime beneficiaries of increases in defense spending. Hartung further noted that at no time in recent history had military appointments been made from the civilian sector. With the use of cognitive shortcuts, Bush’s administration has been dealing with the big percentage of public discontent, providing only certain information that could be relevant in some cases, for example during the aftermath of hurricane Katrina, he never gave a real reason why there was a significant delay of help provided by the government, but instead he only focused on informing how much the delayed help forces helped once they arrived there. Iraq would still be the best example, by the big amoung of congnotive shortcuts used to cover the lack of information regarding Al-Qaeda’s connection to Iraq and evidently about the weapons. Comments: Good job, but you missed the Bureaucratic Model section! Some of your bibliography formatting was not correct. Grade: B+ Kerr, D. (1976). The logic of policy and successful policies. Policy Sciences, 7(3), 351-363. Neack, L. (2008). The new foreign policy: Power seeking in a globalized era. (Second ed. . Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Breuning, M. (2007). Foreign policy analysis: A comparative introduction. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. ARTICLE UN – TALIBAN 70% DEATHS http://articles. cnn. com/2011-12-15/middleeast/world_meast_iraq-us-ceremony_1_iraq-war-iraq-body-count-iraqis-struggle? _s=PM:MIDDLEEAST UN RESOLUTION 1441 undemocracy. com/securitycouncil/meeting_4644#pg010-bk01 JOHN HARROLD CHAPMAN, guardian. co. uk/world/2004/jul/28/iraq. usa

Famous Quotes and Sayings About Sadness

Famous Quotes and Sayings About Sadness Sorrow is a part of our existence. Even the best among us cannot escape feeling sad at times. It is when you are feeling sad that you develop new insight about yourself. This is a select list of twenty sad quotations that moved me the most. They will ring true if you are feeling sad. African Proverb However long the night, the dawn will break. Cynthia Nelms Nobody really cares if youre miserable, so you might as well be happy. Dale Carnegie Most of the important things in the world have been accomplished by people who have kept on trying when there seemed to be no hope at all. Carl W. Buechner They may forget what you said, but they will never forget how you made them feel. W. Somerset Maugham It is salutary to train oneself to be no more affected by censure than by praise. David Borenstein Feelings are not supposed to be logical. Dangerous is the man who has rationalized his emotions. Sydney J. Harris Regret for the things we did can be tempered by time; it is regret for the things we did not do that is inconsolable. David Weatherford We enjoy warmth because we have been cold. We appreciate light because we have been in darkness. By the same token, we can experience joy because we have known sadness. Jean de La Fontaine Sadness flies away on the wings of time. Jim Rohn The walls we build around us to keep out the sadness also keep out the joy. David Grayson Looking back, I have this to regret, that too often when I loved, I did not say so. Helen Keller Although the world is full of suffering, it is also full of the overcoming of it. Carl Jung There are as many nights as days, and the one is just as long as the other in the years course. Even a happy life cannot be without a measure of darkness, and the word happy would lose its meaning if it were not balanced by sadness. William Shakespeare I had rather have a fool make me merry, than experience make me sad. Colette, The Last of Cheri I love my past. I love my present. Im not ashamed of what Ive had, and Im not sad because I have it no longer. Sidney Madwed You can choose to be happy or sad and whichever you choose that is what you get. No one is really responsible to make someone else happy, no matter what most people have been taught and accept as true. Roy Batty, Blade Runner All those moments will be lost in time, like tears in the rain. Christina Georgina Rossetti Better by far you should forget and smile than that you should remember and be sad. R. W. Dale We ask God to forgive us for our evil thoughts and evil temper, but rarely, if ever ask Him to forgive us for our sadness. Brian Andreas She said she usually cried at least once each day not because she was sad, but because the world was so beautiful and life was so short.

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Focus paper for ASIA History - Case Study Example Apart from big games like seasons which are not on a regular basis, the manager should appreciate all games coming up for Storm. This will create the starting fan following, the initial image required to bring stimulating games for Storm in the near future (Word Press). Spending on resources is not important as the Coaching tactics are. Players should be developed both mentally and physically in order to bring passion and will in their matches. This is what football lovers want to see in any football game as they pay for the quality and not for a boring drag match that is full of sponsors and nothing more (Word Press). Manager should communicate tough teams and decide hard matches for the Storm. Playing an opponent which is challenging is what creates hype in the game. It is recommended that manager organize quality games instead of searching sponsors for drag matches (Word Press). Flaherty, Stewart. "What Impact Do Soccer Coaches Have on Kids?" 26 July 2011. www.livestrong.com. 31 January 2013 . Word Press. "30 Ways To Improve Your Soccer Clubs Community ." 19 June 2012. www.soccerspeakusa.wordpress.com. 31 January 2013

Professional writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Professional writing - Essay Example The general idea of getting out of difficult and testing times is to keep moving forward. The basic and fundamental purpose of life is to inspire and attempt to be a better person every now and then (Thrash & Elliot, 2004). The whole nations are plunged into entropy because they are not moving into the direction of intellectual growth. The global rule of national development is simple and it states that either nations develop and grow economically or die. Thus, if any nation is not growing then, it means that it is dying. The movie with the title of â€Å"The Shawshank Redemption† is a story of a bank manager who was falsely imprisoned in the case of murder. But, on the basic level, he was aware of the fact that he was innocent. The man was in cover, he had a fragile body and he walked like a broken person. The strong current of wind could have taken him with it. The fellow prisoners were accustomed to laugh at him. The more cruel ones tried to sexually abuse him but, he manag ed to avoid it with the help of knowledge. The superintendent noticed him and found that he was an honest man and therefore, the former entity deployed the prisoner as a financial manager. The falsely imprisoned person was now responsible for recording and managing financial matters of the jail (O'Sullivan, 2001). Nevertheless, when the manager came to the jail, he requested the assistant to bring him a hammer. The information travelled to a fellow prisoner and he consequently thought that it will take a century to dig a hole that can be used as an escape route from this tiny hammer (O'Sullivan, 2001). But, the manager had a plan and they always do and he was already on it without anybody knowing it. He was digging the hole in a wall and behind the wall; he knew that the sewerage line is present that will surely lead towards his freedom. But, he needed to hide the hole that he was digging and he placed a film poster at the mouth of the hole. Thus, he concealed his plan when actually it was present right in front of everyone and just hidden by thin, fragile paper. The prisoner came to know that the superintendent was committing corruption in the financial management of the jail (O'Sullivan, 2001). However, his digging project successfully ended in more than thirty years. But, he did it and used it to get to the sewerage line and made his way out. But, this is not the end of the story because he freed himself and took the financial records of the jail with him. Then, after getting out he posted the original financial records to the authorities and the high-ups decided to close the jail and take the superintendent into custody. But, the superintendent committed suicide before that (O'Sullivan, 2001). The key message of the story is persistence, patience and belief in the justness of the cause. Firstly, the bank manager believed that he was doing the right thing. He never doubted that he was doing the wrong thing because from the inside he somehow knew that he was innocent and therefore, the freedom was his essential right. The success was written when the manager believed that he was right and at the end of the day he rose victorious. The elementary concepts of planning and execution were conveyed in the whole movie. The man did not talk much but, he achieved his goal of freedom by sticking to the plan. He not only freed himself

The South Korea Financial Crisis Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8500 words

The South Korea Financial Crisis - Dissertation Example There will be sections on: promoting greater competition (which includes the pre-crisis in Korea, Korea’s downfall and subsequent recovery, Korea's economic transformation, Korea and economic sanctions, Korean international relations and the politics of economy; globalization in Korea, and the comparison of Malaysia to Korea); improving corporate governance and education (which includes Korean debt, the economy in a postwar Korea, and higher education and economic competitiveness within Korea); and improving capital structure and profitability (which includes Korea's recovery and capital controls and trade liberalization in Korea). According to Lee, â€Å"Most strikingly, formerly the 11th largest economy in the world, Korea†¦ha[d] been the hardest hit. The Korean government requested emergency help from the IMF on November 21, 1997, to restore overseas confidence†¦For the first time in three decades, [Korea[ would experience the worst economic growth in forthcoming years†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Korea had been hit hard by the economic downturn in Asia. Regrettably, this was not just a Korean phenomenon, however. Korea’s problems, however, were indicative of the rest of Southeast Asia. Korea was majorly in debt by 1997, as it had been steadily increasing about $20 or $30 billion dollars more into debt each year for the three years prior to the Asian Economic Crisis of 1997. Not surprisingly, Korea’s total debt shot through the roof in 1997. Korea’s total debt had reached $120.8 billion dollars by 1997.... After this, there will be sections on: promoting greater competition (which includes the pre-crisis in Korea, Korea's downfall and subsequent recovery, Korea's economic transformation, Korea and economic sanctions, Korean international relations and the politics of economy; globalization in Korea, and the comparison of Malaysia to Korea); improving corporate governance and education (which includes Korean debt, the economy in a postwar Korea, and higher education and economic competitiveness within Korea); and improving capital structure and profitability (which includes Korea's recovery and capital controls and trade liberalization in Korea). According to Lee (2003), "Most strikingly, formerly the 11th largest economy in the world, Koreaha[d] been the hardest hit [by the Asian Economic Crisis of 1997]. The Korean government requested emergency help from the IMF on November 21, 1997, to restore overseas confidenceFor the first time in three decades, [Korea[ would experience the worst economic growth in forthcoming years" Korea had been hit hard by the economic downturn in Asia. Regrettably, this was not just a Korean phenomenon, however. Korea's problems, however, were indicative of the rest of Southeast Asia. Korea was majorly in debt by 1997, as it had been steadily increasing about $20 or $30 billion dollars more into debt each year for the three or four years prior to the Asian Economic Crisis of 1997. Not surprisingly, Korea's total debt shot through the roof in 1997. Korea's total debt had reached $120.8 billion dollars by 1997, which is in comparison to past years, which is shown in the following table (which covers the years 1982-1997). According Haggard et al. (2003), "Korea's

Meeting the Customer Needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Meeting the Customer Needs - Essay Example ..8 The relation between the operation management and customer satisfaction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 Chapter 3: Understanding the gaps within the services†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...9 5 Gap Model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 Chapter 4: Assessment of the customer needs (Research work)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 Questionnaire design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12 Chapter 5: Measuring the customer expectations from the survey†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......17 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.18 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....19 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..22 Abstract: The market is incomplete if the customers are missing. The customers are the revenue generators for the business houses. For any business empire whether it is small or big, the primary focus is how to retain their existing customers and h ow to acquire new customers. To retain the existing customers the in-depth understanding of the customer needs is very important. ... Customer needs are the base of any business. However, the most important question is how to know the specific needs of the customers related to some specific products? The marketing research plays the vital role in this case. The survey design and the questionnaire design play the major role to identify the customer needs. Through the proper data collection and analyzing the data are the most appropriate way to find out the customer needs and to satisfy the needs accordingly. In this particular case the target organization is the McDonald’s. Introduction: Maintaining a great service quality and the product quality are all about understanding the requirements of the customers and delivering the tailor-made services to satisfy them. Understanding the customer behavior is another very important factor to be focused on. However, these are the basic rules to delivering satisfying services. The measurement of the steps taken towards the customer satisfaction is also very important. The primary and secondary data are important to support the outcome of the services related to the customer satisfaction. In regards to this research, the secondary data used are gathered from the Internet, journals and other publications in order to get basic information about the nature of the influences of the customer satisfaction. And the primary data are collected from the survey made from the sample size of 50 people selected randomly. McDonald’s has been taken as the target brand in this case. The whole paper is stratified into five chapters and each chapter has its own relevance to prove the importance of the customer satisfaction to win the customers. Chapter 1: The brief about the selected organization (McDonald’s): McDonald’s is

The Analysis of the Assessment of the Overall Status of the Firm Case Study

The Analysis of the Assessment of the Overall Status of the Firm McDonald's - Case Study Example There are three steps in the general approach to capital budgeting. First, the decision maker must make a list of possible long-term investments. Second, the decision maker shall study the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative capital investment, taking into consideration the variance of each project’s net cash inflows. Third, the decision maker must choose the best alternative (McGuigan, 2010). Incremental cash inflow is the list of the company’s cash outflows as well as a list of the company’s cash inflows. The cash outflow represents all payments for purchases of capital investments as well as operating expenses. The cash inflow includes the revenues from the project. The net cash flow is the difference between the cash inflows and the cash outflows (McGuigan, 2010). Payback period indicates how long the business or entity will recover its investments or capital budgeting amount. In terms of the payback period decision rule, the project that has the shorter payback period is better than another project having a longer payback period (McGuigan, 2010). The net present value method in capital budgeting shows the variance between two amounts. The first amount is the cash inflows. The second amount is the cash outflows. The net present value is the difference between the total cash inflows and the total cash outflows. The decision maker should invest in a project if the total present values exceed the total cash outflows (McGuigan, 2010). In economic terms, the net present value represents the contribution of the investment to the firm’s value, and to shareholders’ wealth maximization. The present value is the value today of a future amount cash amount or series of cash payments computed using the appropriate discount interest rate (McGuigan, 2010). The Internal rate of return is used to determine whether the decision maker should choose the one project over the other alternative projects. If the internal rate of return of a project is lower than the capital investment costs, the decision maker must drop the project. The internal rate of return is the interest rate used to arrive at a net present value of zero.  

Incident at the Construction Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Incident at the Construction Company - Essay Example A report of the accident was furnished soon after. Because of the injuries he sustained Mohammed requested for a one-week leave. He suffered a mild head injury, plus wounds and bruises to his elbows and legs. He also experienced persistent lightheadedness after the accident. Because he was not able to go to work for the duration of time, he lost an income. The company immediately accepted legal liability and cooperated with OSHA representatives. Mohammed was given $7,000 accident compensation with regard to his occupational injuries and loss of income. Â  Mohammed soon recovered from his injuries and started looking for another work. But because of his specialization and experience, he was not able to make it outside of the construction industry. Another construction company hired him as a fitter. On August 1997 Mohammed was working with other workers at a height of more or less 25-30 feet, tightening top covers of a massive boiler. In order to access the top portion of the boiler, he uses a ladder. Unfortunately, one of the covers had a crack which made it difficult for Mohammed to tighten. Thus, he applied excessive force to tighten the cracked cover. Yet, while he did so, the bottom of the ladder slipped and he fell to the floor. Mohammed sustained back injuries, plus a spinal fracture and wounds to his hips and legs. He was forced to take an indefinite leave to recover but, because of the severity of his injuries and wounds, he was not able to go back to work for the construction company and had to look for a less labor-inten sive occupation. This second occupational accident left Mohammed with permanently limited physical activity and currently necessitates help with tasks he could do independently in the past, like woodwork and farming.

The Analysis of the Assessment of the Overall Status of the Firm Case Study

The Analysis of the Assessment of the Overall Status of the Firm McDonald's - Case Study Example There are three steps in the general approach to capital budgeting. First, the decision maker must make a list of possible long-term investments. Second, the decision maker shall study the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative capital investment, taking into consideration the variance of each project’s net cash inflows. Third, the decision maker must choose the best alternative (McGuigan, 2010). Incremental cash inflow is the list of the company’s cash outflows as well as a list of the company’s cash inflows. The cash outflow represents all payments for purchases of capital investments as well as operating expenses. The cash inflow includes the revenues from the project. The net cash flow is the difference between the cash inflows and the cash outflows (McGuigan, 2010). Payback period indicates how long the business or entity will recover its investments or capital budgeting amount. In terms of the payback period decision rule, the project that has the shorter payback period is better than another project having a longer payback period (McGuigan, 2010). The net present value method in capital budgeting shows the variance between two amounts. The first amount is the cash inflows. The second amount is the cash outflows. The net present value is the difference between the total cash inflows and the total cash outflows. The decision maker should invest in a project if the total present values exceed the total cash outflows (McGuigan, 2010). In economic terms, the net present value represents the contribution of the investment to the firm’s value, and to shareholders’ wealth maximization. The present value is the value today of a future amount cash amount or series of cash payments computed using the appropriate discount interest rate (McGuigan, 2010). The Internal rate of return is used to determine whether the decision maker should choose the one project over the other alternative projects. If the internal rate of return of a project is lower than the capital investment costs, the decision maker must drop the project. The internal rate of return is the interest rate used to arrive at a net present value of zero.  

Summary of College Pressure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary of College Pressure - Essay Example The primary goal has become that they should pursue courses that would lead them towards a life of financial and economic security. Majors that Zinsser has described as ‘pre-rich’ become the primary choice of students yet it fails to yield a definite answer on why they take them. He illustrated specific examples wherein students put more emphasis on the aesthetics of their transcript. The value that is placed on being appealing on paper and how they often overexert effort to achieve all of these as a clear sign of peer pressure. There is concurrently the matter of the parents, whether advertently or inadvertently, putting pressure on their children in the hopes that they get better careers for their financial security. It is a common occurrence that the parents choose for their children in view that they are wiser because they are older. Failing is not an option and planning is the key. Despite all of these, the author specifies the good points of today’s generation. He points out that they are kind and they are accommodating to people. They often juggle interests with their studies but in turn may only aggravate pressures. In essence, he hopes for a better college experience where ‘getting ahead’ is not the end-all and be-all of these students lives. Zinsser mentioned how most of those he knew got into where they are not exactly on a perpendicular way but through hurdles. â€Å"That there is no one "right" way to get ahead -- that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination† (Zinsser, par. 40). Rather, that they sit back and consider that detours are integral part of

The Business Ethics Used At Nike Commerce Essay

The Business Ethics Used At Nike Commerce Essay Lets take Nike for example. Founded in 1964, and the brand name created in 1971, head office in Oregon USA, it is the biggest manufacturer of sportswear in the world, selling footwear and apparels and related sports equipment. Also outsourcing contracts to 500 factories that operate in 160 countries, they employ nearly 1 million people directly or indirectly (Business-humanrights ; 2009). According to NIKE, A good name and reputation result in large part from their collective actions. That means the work-related activities of every employee must reflect standards of honesty, loyalty, trustworthiness, fairness, concern for others and accountability. They are expected to be sensitive to any situations that can adversely impact NIKEs reputation and are expected to use good judgment and common sense in the way to conduct business'(nikbiz ;2010). NIKE is one brand which achieved the top in world class by setting high standards and following the business ethics by forming a code of conduct. This code of conduct was mandatory and was to be followed by all of the team members of NIKE whether they were the Sales Agents, Consultants, Representatives, independent Contractors or even external temporary workers. NIKE understands that in order to obtain optimum performance from an employee, they must provide them with an environment void of harassment and discrimination of all sorts such as that related to age, gender, religion, disability, ethnic group, marital status, veteran status or any other similar status relative to class or caste. Sometimes people feel harassed and this harassment doesnt come against the protected law. Human acts which cause hurt and emotional strains like rude abusive, insensitive impolite behavior shown to people is against the companys code of conduct and will fall in the act of harassment against a person or group of people. Incase of any complaints, the harassed must report to the concerned manager. This code of conduct also applies to all the business partners who manufacture NIKE products. Harassments of any sort is strictly forbidden whether pertaining to legal laws or company policies. But in any case if such a situation may arise, NIKE has made sure of an effective complaint process through the Employee Relations or Human Resources Department. On the social responsibilities, NIKE further adds, NIKE is committed to socially responsible sourcing practices. We are driven to do not only what is required by law, but also what is expected of a leader. We expect our business partners to do the same. We do this through the NIKE Code of Conduct, which covers contractors who manufacture NIKE product. (SampleBusiness ;2009.)This code calls for our partners management practices to respect the rights of all employees, to minimize the impact on the environment, provide a safe and healthy work place, and promote the health and well being of all employees. As a member of the NIKE team, when presented the opportunity, you have a responsibility to promote compliance with the NIKE Code of Conduct and to report any instances of non-compliance, of which you become aware, to the Corporate Responsibility Compliance Group. (nikebiz.com). That being the social interpersonal issues of the company, NIKE claims to also comply with the health and safety rules and regulations. They feel that their duty is to not only provide innovative products to their clients but also be finite in knowing that the products supplied are safe and non-hazardous in all ways. This not only helps gain public confidence but also grants a better competitive ranking in the lucrative market. And the certainty of the safety does not end here. They also emphasize that the employees be an environmentally responsible citizen and so if they feel that a condition may cause a potential impact to the surroundings either socially, scientifically or economically, they report to the authorities immediately. (Schwartz, J. ; 2010) Like with all organizations, NIKE also expects its customers to be sincere and loyal by protecting the Nike info, ideas intellectual property. Every now then, a companys strategic plans, sales figures, financial info, product designs, negotiations, software, employees personal info, trade secrets, patents, trademarks and similar info is brought into the notice of one or several members of the organization and since the market is competitive, NIKE employees are prohibited to share or sell out any piece of detail, either manually or electronically . The employees must also safeguard the assets and records present under the ownership of the organization. Nike prioritizes privacy and hence it is committed to giving respect to all the rights of their customers. All the departments handling the confidential information have to be on one foot at all times. That said because, no company can afford mishandling of information. Incase data is ever lost or misplaced, or even otherwise, the new records must never be made up or false statements, misleading, misinterpretations, or material omissions. Even more special care has to be taken with financial transactions. They should be accurate, fair and transparent. NIKE expects their work related activities to reflect extreme standards of trustworthiness, concern for others and accountability. Acts of fraud theft, or cheatings in anyway are strictly forbidden. NIKE relies in making relationships based on integrity. It is NIKEs policy to compete fairly anywhere and everywhere and expect their product and service developments, manufacturing and sales to conform to highest ethical standards. These anti-trust competition laws, if violated could result in mega fines or even imprisonment. Even though NIKE requires its members to be strictly sincere and loyal, however, at the same time NIKE does respect the rights of their employees to participate in other business opportunities outside of the NIKE Organization (Peter;2000). But care must be taken, keeping in mind all the rules regulations of the company policies, which pertains to non-confliction of interests with Nike. That may include situations such as a team member exploiting opportunities for himself which were actually discovered through NIKEs assets and information (nikbiz ; 2010). Moreover, an employee is not allowed to accept a gift, gratuity, entertainment or favor over a certain limited amount and that also in non-cash form. An amount of $200 is considered a threshold limit over which, it is considered as a bribe. He is forbidden to give or take cash at any time. The bribery is not only unacceptable between a member and clients but also to government officials, civil servants or, as a matter of fact, anyone at hand in order to influence them. An action shall be taken and employees will be taken into charge if they use any deceptive methods or abuse the confidential information to have an unjust exploitation over competitors, suppliers, or customers. Laws, rules and regulations are not only limited to the organizations and affiliated parties within the USA. NIKE is very strict in complying with the laws of the country they do business with, even if it means losses on their part of the organization. Like majority of the US companies, NIKE is also governed by the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) according to which, It is illegal for anyone at NIKE to offer, promise, or pay money or anything of value, directly or indirectly to any foreign government official or employee, political party, or candidate for public office for the purpose of obtaining or maintaining business or for any other business advantage.(nikzbiz ;2010). The FCPA only allows payments under some specific circumstances for which, if the need arises, the team member can consult the NIKE legal department. (Schwartz;2010). Other than these rules, NIKE also has certain boycotting laws, with which NIKE complies strongly. For instance, if a certain Country A has boycotted a certain Country B, and if NIKE is doing business with Country A and that Country is asking for a certification that supplies not be made in Country B, then NIKE is not liable to accept the request of Country A, as it is against the USA Anti-Boycott law and NIKE will eventually be reporting it to the US authorities. A summarized view of NIKEs Ethical code of conduct: Keywords The Nike Code of Conduct Memorandum of Understanding. Obligations of subcontractors/suppliers Basic principles Principles governing the conduct of business: trust teamwork honesty mutual respect Nike expects compliance with the same principles by its trading partners Human rights Respect of human rights Forced labour Forced labour prison or otherwise must not be used at any stage of production Non-discrimination Nike is a company made up of persons of all origins, which appreciates individual diversity and is dedicated to equal opportunity for each individual No discrimination in hiring, salary, benefits, advancement, termination or retirement on the basis of gender, race, religion, age, sexual preference or ethnic origin Safety and health In accordance with local regulations Health insurance, life insurance and workerscompensation In accordance with local regulations Responsibility of a global enterprise To do what is expected of a leader by participating in the betterment of peoples lives through sport and fitness Legal requirements In accordance with local trade legislation as regards: minimum wages overtime child labour leave, public holidays mandatory retirement benefits Compliance with: local regulations practices established by Nike A Nike representative is responsible for the day-to-day application of the Memorandum in each subcontracted factory. Nike production managers update the Memorandum every two years. Nike may request an independent monitoring of plants at any time. In the event of non-compliance with the Memorandum, Nike may require that the situation be corrected or it may terminate its trade relations. All subcontractors must: keep any documentation which may be necessary to prove the correct application of the recommendations contained in the Memorandum; and agree to provide these documents to Nike for any inspections required by the company Environment To minimize impact on the environment. Implementation of the three Rsof environmental action: Reduce, re-use and re-cycle (Sajhau ; 2010) NIKES LEGAL BATTLE FOR VIOLATION OF ETHICS: The criticism was started in early 90s about Nike being involved with child labor issues, employees suffering from safety and health problems and physical harming of employees. One of the major issues that was raised at NIKE in 1996, which put NIKEs integrity at risk was the child labor issue in Pakistan. Young children aged between 9 to16 years were made to work and pictures of hand sewn footballs were splashed all over the net. NIKE was accused of labor and human rights violations. A lawsuit had been filed and NIKE appealed legally. On the personal upfront, NIKE responded with labor codes, personal letters, campus visits and newspaper releases. The US Supreme Court decided 5-3 to postpone ruling on NIKE vs. the prosecutor. NIKE made a charity settlement, giving $1.5 million to the fair labor association. (Canizares;2001). That experience forced us to decide who we were when it comes to corporate social responsibility, and forced us to really figure it out,(nikbiz ;2010) confessed EITEL, one of the business executive remembering the difficult time the company faced. EITEL not only had to reassure the external bodies who were criticizing the goodwill and ethics of the corporate dealing but she also had to deal with the question and queries of 500,000 employees in 58 countries. Through a hard learned lesson, EITEL believes that the code of ethics is not to be put on shelf and forgotten about, but has to be embedded by the executives in the roots of the corporate and make it THE culture. In this way the corporate can up guard their moral values under any difficult timing and can be up to face any legal or moral challenge (Cr; 2009). It has been an enormous change in a decade that NIKE has come forward by charting a different course in corporate citizenship and all other aspects of their dealings from the face of a corporate villain where laws of child labor were dusted. NIKE, in their newly-published Corporate Responsibility (CR) Report for fiscal years 2007 to 2009, commented on its new strategy which is, Reaching a closed-loop business model where the goal is to achieve zero waste in the supply chain and have products and materials that can be continuously reused no pre- or post-consumer waste. NIKE CEO Mark Parker writes in the reports introduction, We see sustainability, both social and environmental, as a powerful path to innovation, and crucial to our growth strategies. (Connor ; 2010). At present, the main concern of the brand is to watch for labor human right violation. The company has three main product lines- footwear, apparel and equipment. Nearly 60 percent of the work force is in North Asia and 31 percent in South Asia. One major difficulty is that contract apparel factories generally produce for multiple brands, making it very difficult to maintain standards. NIKE insists that monitoring the contract factories for working conditions, wages and overtime and several other issues, including possible unionization is not a piece of cake. While we can point to many examples of improvements, challenging issues remain for our company and our industry in systemically identifying and tackling how to affect long-term system-wide change,(nikbiz ;2010) the company says. (Canizares;2001) In evaluating where our targets fell short, we saw a consistent pattern: a focus on auditing against a set of criteria sometimes results in on-the-ground improvements for workers, but it rarely produces systemic change in the area of concern, (Canizares;2001). NIKE says. On further reflection, we realized that, if we want to make sustainable improvements for workers, we need to significantly change the way we engage and interact with our supply chain as a whole(nikbiz ;2010). One subject that NIKE shows loads of concern towards is a workers overtime. Asking factories to manufacture too many styles is one of the highest contributors to factory overtime in apparel. We have an opportunity to reduce this pressure by reducing the number of apparel styles and partnering with the factories to improve efficiencies through lean production method.(nikz ;2010). Recently, NIKE took a very ambitious initiative. That is, A goal of reducing excessive overtime for workers in their supply chain by 2011 (nikbiz;2010). This reminder came in response to the criticism that NIKE received frequently, which eventually lead the way to innovative solutions to labor rights challenges. NIKE was the first to make its list of affiliated factories public in 2005 for open inspection for anyone who felt the need to spy for violation of any labor and human rights. By doing this they provided another ethical example of protecting human rights by elimination of overtime work and by altering their own internal buying practices(.Icmrindia; 2002). NIKE also undertook a very Eco-Friendly approach by launching a shoe called CONSIDERED in 2005 (Icmrindia; 2010). This was a step towards a more healthy and safer product line which was devoid of harmful adhesives and more of re-used materials. It also eliminated sulphur hexafluoride (a very harmful chemical to health) from its shoes called NIKE AIR(nikzbiz ;2010). It also started making sports surfaces from recycled shoes and manufacturing waste. It further started worldwide collaboration with NGOS to reduce the damage to the environment through its human and monetary resources and to eventually reduce the effects of Global Warming. The concept was further extended to be used in apparel and sports equipment that the company produced. NIKE had developed an index called Considered Index using which NIKEs designers could get a ranking based on the environmental friendliness during the design phase before they went for commercial production. Nike aimed at making its own facilities and b usiness travel climate neutral by 2011. (-1.htmlSporting Goods Business ;2009). It had set a target of making all its footwear meet the minimum standard of Considered Index by 2011 ,its apparel by 2015, and sports equipment by 2020(nikbiz ; 2010). In other words, NIKE truly took a step to fulfill their code of ethics to support and safeguard the health and safety of every person associated with them. (Schwartz ;2010) NIKE has been on the list of the most ethical companies in the world from 2007-2010 every year, along with several other mega awards (Canizares ;2001). Even though NIKE tries its max to set the best possible ethical standards, there are two noted watchdogs, the Oxfams NIKE Watch and TeamSweat, who constantly find loopholes with NIKEs performance and other agendas. (Connor ; 2010). But NIKE has not been defied by such activists and they are continuing to lay examples of how the process of good reporting can lead to data being gathered, metrics developed and performance benchmarks set. NIKE has learnt a great deal from its past experiences, and it has not been deterred in its work but only grown stronger in every way possible. Says the CEO Parker, We learnt to view transparency as an asset, not a risks (Connor ; 2010). This document depicts the Pros and Cons of NIKEs Organization, and this only proves that No body is free of the unethical code of conduct. Yet, there are ways to improve under good intentions or even improvise if needed. In conclusion, just a reminder for us all: THE ETHICS OF EXCELLENCE REQUIRES A SENSE OF PERSPECTIVE. LOOK AT THE BIG PICTURE : IF YOU LIVE FOR THE MOMENT, DO YOU MORTGAGE THE FUTURE? WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU PUT YOUR REPUTATION AT RISK..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ LOSE THE BET? Reference:- Sajhau, J.P; 2010. Business ethics in the textile, clothing and footwear (TCF) industries,Sector Publications (SAP 2.60/WP.110 ).Available at: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/papers/bzethics/bthics7.htm[Accessed 12 March 2010]. Bradley, G.O ;1998. A World of Nuclear Giants Available at: http://www.gzcenter.org/leaflets/mar_leaf.htm.[Accessed 10 March 2010]. Ethicalcorp ;2009. Ethical Corporation. Nike and sustainability Making the running for business ethics Available at: http://www.ethicalcorp.com/content.asp?ContentID=5421. .[Accessed 02 March 2010]. Sporting Goods Business ; 2009. Nike endorses Global Reporting Initiative Available at: http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-miscellaneous/4458064-1.html .[Accessed 6 Feb 2010]. Icmrindia ; 2010. Nike Considered An Environmental Sustainability Initiative. Available at: http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Ethics/BECG111.htm.[Accessed 16 Feb 2010]. Connor, M.;2010. 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